Perspectives on Free-Speech Zones on College Campuses Essay

Normally, many negative meanings join the term â€Å"free-discourse zone. † The wording alone consequently intimates that free discourse ought not be permitted all over the place, which is not really the genuine aim of the thought. Now and again the privilege of free discourse is exploited, for example, in specific assemblies and fights, where troublesome clamor, viciousness, and decimation frequently happens. Colleges hold an obligation to their understudies of giving a sensibly protected and undisruptive condition to learn and exceed expectations in. Colleges are not making â€Å"free-discourse zones† to restrain free discourse, but instead to keep up a safe air that is helpful for focus and higher learning. Colleges ought to have the option to keep up a specific degree of wellbeing nearby in the manner they pick. â€Å"The University maintains all authority to migrate or drop the movement because of interruption from over the top commotion levels, traffic entrapment, or if the security of people is in question† (West Virginia University’s Student Handbook 91). They are not subverting the privilege of free discourse that we as Americans legitimately hold, however are making a proper methods for demonstrators to voice their suppositions without causing superfluous disturbance and turmoil in improper places nearby. An issue I do have with this thought of a â€Å"free-discourse zone† is that there isn’t an away from of when or where these zones ought to be utilized. Who is to state whether the voicing of a specific feeling or thought requires the utilization of a â€Å"free-discourse zone†? In the event that what comprises the utilization of a â€Å"free-discourse zone† was better characterized then the utilization of such â€Å"zones† could be progressively full of feeling and fitting. As expressed by Robert J. Scott, fight zones have been utilized at numerous political shows and other significant occasions. â€Å"Protest zones can be sensible limitations that permit free-discourse rights to be communicated while diminishing security concerns and forestalling undue disruption† (Scott 92). With the historical backdrop of brutality and demolition that is related with fights, it is just characteristic that specific safety measures be taken to forestall such issues. It is too ambiguous to even consider saying the free articulation of perspectives or feelings may not â€Å"disrupt the typical capacity of the university,† as expressed in the West Virginia University’s understudy handbook. Who chooses what the â€Å"normal function† genuinely is, or when it is being â€Å"disrupted? † If a college chooses to set up the utilization of â€Å"free-discourse zones† then they ought to have the option to give an unmistakable and brief depiction of when, and for what reason, these â€Å"zones† ought to be utilized. One of a colleges top needs is to make their grounds as sheltered and secure as could be expected under the circumstances, and if â€Å"free-discourse zones† or â€Å"protest zones† are what they feel are important to keep up that security then they ought to have the option to authorize them. The issue truly comes down to whether these â€Å"zones† are utilized properly. Whenever utilized widely, and at levels that are superfluous for the security of understudies, at that point human rights issues could undoubtedly become possibly the most important factor. Be that as it may, whenever utilized in a shrewd way, for example, for bigger exhibitions of the right to speak freely of discourse, similar to fights and rallies, at that point they could be useful in forestalling obliteration or potentially interruption on college grounds. â€Å"Requiring those communicating dispute to comply with the law at the same time doesn't comprise repression† (Scott 92).

Value Chain Analysis Free Essays

esteem chain investigation Inbound Logistics Operations Marketing Service Outbound Logistics SAP , VCM SAP , CRM †DMS Strategic Alliances Transporters, Convoy Drivers Association Dealer Network, Marketing Research Firms, Vehicle Financing Regional Warehouses, Dealer Workshops, Distributors, TASS 9 Value Chain Analysis: Tata Motors Inbound Logistics Long term contract with administration provider’s †transporters and specialists Personnel at local workplaces for over observing the smooth travel of merchandise Transparency and checking through arrangement of IT †all exchanges through SAP DTL supplies for basic high worth things. Proficient storerooms †simple stockpiling and recovery Operations Capital Equipment Manufacturing division †tooling advancement capacities of worldwide norm. Disciple Trainee Course †guaranteeing stable wellspring of talented labor. We will compose a custom article test on Worth Chain Analysis or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Kaizen TPM group †ceaseless drive to improve efficiencies. Robotized producing forms. Conveyed producing †Assembly units at South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Brazil and so on Maintenance †specialized capability Capacity Utilization †Mercedes Benz vehicles utilize Tata Motors paint shop offices. Outbound Logistics Stockyards, the whole way across the nation Long term contracts with transporters †higher volume of business to transporters guarantees serious cost. Provincial Sales Office and Vehicle Dispatch Section connected through SAP. Proficient security framework for counteraction of any sort of pilferage Marketing and Sales Structured way to deal with understanding the prerequisites of individual clients †QFD’s directed at customary interims. Away from of item necessities, prompting advancement of creative items †Tata 207 DI, Tata Ace Pan India nearness and worldwide impression. Free groups for tending to the prerequisites of institutional clients †Defense, State Transport Units Helping to increase the rare assets †Fiat selling vehicles through Tata vendors, consequently Tata approaches Fiat’s innovation and unutilized limit. Fast evaluation of the changing business sector elements and buyer inclinations †Tata 407 LCV Large system of sellers †utilization of innovation : DMS. Administration Easy accessibility of extra parts Efficient assortment of information from field and correspondence to the separate plants Pan India nearness, just as worldwide nearness. Huge system of workshops †Dealer workshops and TASS Preparing offices †for vendor end and TASS faculty Procurement E acquisition activity Global Sourcing Team †China, a key goal for sourcing fundamental things like tires, power guiding units and so forth , Steel obtained from Belarus Long term associations with a steady and faithful pool of providers Technology driven acquirement †SAP and VCM Strategic auxiliaries JV’s †TACO gathering of organizations, Tata Cummins Centralized Strategic Sourcing for key segments †FIP’s, Steel and so forth Group assets †Tata Steel and Tata International Localized provider base at mfg. areas †low stock levels The most effective method to refer to Value Chain Analysis, Essay models

See What Book Rioters Are Reading on May 11, 2017

See What Book Rioters Are Reading on May 11, 2017 In this feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). See a Rioter who is reading your favorite book? Gird your loins â€" this list will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Liberty Hardy Sourdough by Robin Sloan (Sept. 5, MCD/FSG): The author of Mr. Penumbra’s 24-Hour Bookstore is back! (galley) The Mountain: Stories by Paul Yoon (Aug. 15, Simon Schuster): If you are not reading Yoon’s short stories, you should correct that. (galley) Fresh Complaint: Stories by Jeffrey Eugenides (Oct. 3, FSG): The Virgin Suicides came out when I was in high school (I attended high school as a toddler), and it cemented Eugenides in my heart forevs. (galley) A Good Country by Laleh Khadivi (May 23, Bloomsbury): Sometimes you can just tell a publicist has a favorite book out of all the books they’re promoting, and I got that impression with this one, so I had to read it. So far, it’s amazing. (galley) Casey Stepaniuk Breadfruit by Celestine Vaite: I picked this up on Kauai while there for a trip for my moms 60th birthday at Talk Story Bookstore in Hanapepe. Apparently it is the Western-most bookstore in the US! They had a lot of cool local and other Polynesian authors and I thought Breadfruit looked especially fun. Now that my school semester is over, Im getting the chance to read it! (Paperback) Rachel Weber Monstress Volume 1: Awakening by Marjorie Liu and Sana Takeda: Stolen from a colleagues desk because I’ve been wanting to get my hands on this forever. (Paperback) Mapping The Interior by Stephen Graham Jones: I fell in love with Graham Jones after Mongrels and now Im on a mission to read every word hes ever written. I would creep on his shopping lists if I could. This is his latest novella. (eGalley) Startup by Doree Shafir: I love her journalism and my job in San Francisco means Ive often got a front seat to tech startup madness, so I cant wait to see what Shafir does with her novel about the people that live in that world. (eGalley) Jessica Yang   The Takedown by Corrie Wang: The synopsis hooked me, and Im all about Asian protagonists in YA, so I had to get it! (hardcover) Molly Wetta Always and Forever, Lara Jean by Jenny Han: I fell hard for this YA series, and am so glad it became a trilogy. The Song sisters are delightful, and Lara Jean’s trials and tribulations are just so relatable. Bonus: the audiobook is fantastic! (audiobook) A Conjuring of Light by V. E. Schwab: I was pretty pissed off at the terrible cliffhanger ending of A Gathering of Shadows, and to be honest, I lost all momentum in reading the series waiting for the final edition (I read the previous installments as ARCs, so it has been a long time). But my partner really loved the stories and implored me to finish so we can discuss, so I’m hoping to get through all 624 books before my express copy is due back at the library in 6 days. (hardcover) Kay Taylor Rea The Simplicity of Cider by Amy E. Reichert (Gallery, May 16) : I was a huge fan of Reicherts first two books, The Coincidence of Coconut Cake and Luck, Love, Lemon Pie, so I jumped at the chance to read The Simplicity of Cider. Once again, Im impressed with her immersive worldbuilding and richly drawn characters. The heroine, Sanna Lund, is a breath of fresh air: a cider maker from the fifth-generation of apple orchard owners, too tall to slip into the background and too anxious and introverted to venture comfortably outside of the safe bubble of her home. Although theres a compelling romance between Sanna and single dad seasonal hire Isaac, I fell hard for the complex family dynamics, the Lund familys financial and health struggles, Sannas maybe-magical gift for cider-making, and the mystery of an apple tree saboteur. (e-galley) I Believe in a Thing Called Love by Maurene Goo (BYR, May 30): Im only halfway through this charming YA, but its already been hilarious and heart wrenching, which is a strong start. Desi Lee has worked hard to be a good student and never step one toe out of line. Now, shes determined to snag herself a boyfriend before leaving for college. Her guide to romance? Her K Drama Rules for True Love. (eGalley) Annika Barranti Klein The Pearl Thief by Elizabeth Wein: Sort of a cheat, as I read this in one sitting the day it came out and am re-reading it because I loved it. Code Name Verity is one of my favorite books, and I love mysteries, so this is a slam dunk for me. (hardcover) Rebecca Hussey Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body by Roxane Gay: This is going to be one of the big important books of the year. Just a little way into it, I’m difficult and moving and powerful. (egalley) Sunshine State by Sarah Gerard: I started reading this book on a vacation in Florida (lucky me!). It’s an essay collection on a range of topics, but (so far) all are about or at least set in the sunshine state. (egalley) Kate Krug Girls Made of Snow and Glass by Melissa Bashardoust: A feminist retelling of Snow White? I’m in. (NetGalley eBook) Sarah Nicolas Flame in the Mist by Renee Ahdieh: I was so excited to be offered a review copy of the first book in a new series from the author of The Wrath the Dawn. Fuedal Japan + magic + a girl masquerading as a boy? Yes, please. (digital audiobook) Real Friends by Shannon Hale: I read this one real quick before interviewing the author and was happy to see its representation of OCD and anxiety in childhood. (digital ARC) Sophia Khan Packing for Mars by Mary Roach: I’ve been loving books about space travel lately and there might not be anyone better to cover the subject than Mary Roach. Roach diligently covers the things we’re all secretly wondering about what goes on when humans leave the Earth’s atmosphere. (Paperback) Katie McLain What She Knew by Gilly Macmillan: I’ve been a little underwhelmed with some of the psychological suspense I’ve read recently, but this one has proven to be quite interesting and emotional so far.  (Digital audiobook) The Hatching  by Ezekiel Boone: The apocalypse brought on by an ancient, terrifying species of spiders.  Satisfyingly creepy and disgusting, but not recommended for arachnophobes!! (ARC) Emma Nichols Evicted by Matthew Desmond: I wasn’t planning on reading Evicted, but my book group picked it for May, and I am so glad they did. This books is such an important examination of poverty in America. And, while much of it feels quite hopeless, Desmond wants us to realize that change is not only necessary but attainable. America needs to look its flaws squarely in the face and commit to the idea that safe, affordable housing is a human right and should be provided to all. This should be required reading for all Americans. (Libro.fm audiobook) Jaime Herndon My Absolute Darling by Gabriel Tallent: I heard about this on Facebook, and Stephen King blurbed it I’m still in the early pages, but so far the writing is exquisite. (ARC) A Stitch of Time by Lauren Marks: Having done an internship in neuropsych, this book piqued my interest, and so far, it hasn’t let me down. (ARC) After the Eclipse: A Mother’s Murder, a Daughter’s Search by Sarah Perry: Full disclosure, I went to grad school with the author but that doesn’t change the vivid, arresting prose. (ARC) Steph Auteri The Secret Loves of Geek Girls edited by Hope Nicholson: TBH, I assumed this was about the secret passions of geek girls, and I thought that sounded like fun. It is, however, literally about love. Enjoying it nonetheless. (Paperback) When Sex Goes to School by Kristin Luker: Reading it as research for a personal project, but it’s also a fantastic piece of narrative journalism, which is a genre I enjoy. (Paperback) Danika Ellis Radio Silence by Alice Oseman: Queer YA with Night Vale references? Sold. (Hardcover) Ilana Masad Radiate by C. A. Higgins: I’ve been following Higgins (not literallly, that’d be creepy) since her first book, and am gobbling this final book in the Lightless Trilogy with gusto. Alison Doherty Always and Forever, Lara Jean by Jenny Han: Lara Jean is one of my favorite YA characters of all time. I’m so excited to finally have the final book of her trilogy in my hand. Bring on the baking, hair braiding, and cute boys! (ebook) Girl Out of Water by Laura Silverman: The author is an alum of my MFA program. I heard the beginning of this at a student reading two years ago. So far I’m loving Anise’s story and the breathtaking setting descriptions in this book. (Paperback) Jamie Canaves A Rising Man (Sam Wyndham #1) by Abir Mukherjee: A Scotland Yard detective working in Calcutta in the early 1900s is trying to solve the murder of a British official and I am loving everything about this novel so farâ€"especially the characters and the historical look at British ruled Calcutta. (egalley) I Know A Secret by Tess Gerritsen (Ballantine Books, Aug 22): I am always here for some Rizzoli and Isles in my life. (ARC) The Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz (Harper, June 6): A mystery novel inside of a mystery novel and I’ve heard Agatha Christie comps so basically it was written for me. (egalley) Dana Staves Swimming Lessons by Claire Fuller:  A missing woman (presumed dead) may or may not have surfaced twelve years after she was last seen, and the clues to her whereabouts, it seems, may lie in the letters she left behind, each one tucked into her husband’s massive book collection. I’m on the edge of my seat, wondering if this woman is alive, and how I’ll recover (along with the other characters) if she is… or if she isn’t! (Hardcover) Priya Sridhar The Fix by Liam Vaugham and Gavin Finch: A nonfiction work explaining how bankers fixed Libor. I picked this up because I enjoyed The Big Short movie and wanted to brush up on my business knowledge. (Hardcover.) Fledgling by Octavia Butler: A man finds an amnesiac vampire who appears to be a small child. Shori doesn’t remember who she is, but she remembers to feed, and to hide. So far the prose is dense, but I want to enjoy Octavia Butler’s work and read it through the end. (Paperback.) Derek Attig Infomocracy by Malka Older: Rereading this to get ready to read the follow-up, Null States. (ebook) Sri Lanka: The Cookbook by Prakash K. Sivanathan and Niranjala M. Ellawala: I’m scouting new titles for a cookbook club I’m part of, and this book is gorgeous. (hardcover) Kathleen Keenan Solitude: A Singular Life in a Crowded World by Michael Harris: There have been a number of books published in the past few years about living life alone (whether by choice or by accident), and I’m intrigued by Harris’s argument that knowing how to be alone is an increasingly important and valuable skill in our ever-more-connected world. Rebecca Renner The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander: I have been reading a lot of books about social justice. My research has narrowed in on mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex. I think this book and Stamped from the Beginning are essential for understanding our country today. The Barrowfields by Phillip Lewis: I didn’t know what to expect with this book. It’s Southern Gothic, which I love reading, plus the narration and small-town appeal really remind me of To Kill a Mockingbird. Exit West by Moshin Hamid: I keep seeing people talking about this book, so I had to jump on it. I’m about halfway done, and so far, the magic realism is just beginning to unfurl. Horse Heaven by Jane Smiley: My horse book kick led me through a dozen books this year. The last horse book I read, Lord of Misrule by Jaimy Gordon, was fairly dark. I hope this can act as a counterpoint. Margaret Kingsbury House of Names by Colm Tóibín: I love fairy tale and myth retellings, and this one recreates the sacrifice of Iphigenia after the gods demand she die so Agamemnon can sail his fleet to attack Troy. I just have to read about Clytemnestra’s revenge. (Egalley) Daughter of Smoke and Bone by Laini Taylor: This one’s been recommended numerous times, and I’ve never gotten around to it. After reading some slower books, I decided I wanted to read a fast YA, and this one certainly fits the description. Last night, I read 200 pages in a single sitting! (Hardcover) James Wallace Harris The Hidden Life of Trees by Peter Wohlleben and Lab Girl by Hope Jahren: are two books that form a synergy of botanical information. Im listening to the first and reading the second. Both books are by scientists and reveal the lives of plants and trees, lives more bizarre and wondrous than science fiction and fantasy. Women in the English Novel 1800-1900 by Merry Williams: Is  the most engaging book Im reading. A rather dry academic work I got from the library after watching To Walk Invisible, the PBS film about the Brontë sisters. Its chock full of great observations about women characters in 19th century English literature. Anyone who loves literature, history, and feminism should find this one a juicy read despite its scholarly nature. Unfortunately, buying this book new is very expensive. I got a used copy from ABEbooks for $3.48. Megan Cavitt Otomen by Aya Kanno: A romantic comedy manga about an athletic, popular high-school boy learning not to be ashamed of his feminine hobbies? Sign me up. I’m on volume four of eighteen and can confidently say, in my best Monty Python voice, that the Otomen world is “a rather silly place.” Wacky sitcom hijinks abound, if you’re into that sort of thing; if you’re not, the first volume is still worth a look for anyone who struggles with gender performance. (Library Hardcover) Tasha Brandstatter The Name of the Game is a Kidnapping by Keigo Higashino: The latest of Higashino’s books to be translated into English. (Library Hardcover) Mal Soto What It Means When a Man Falls From The Sky by Lesley Nneka Arimah:  I love short stories. I need short stories the way some people need a talisman of some kind in their pocket. The way a vampire needs a dark room. The way Garfield needs a finely baked Italian casserole. You get it. I love short stories on my commutes, and this one’s such a perfect balance. Fairy tales, fables, families, dystopias. Arimah has such a great voice that it’s hard to single out a favorite story in this book. (Hardcover) Natalya Muncuff Let Us Dream by Alyssa Cole. I read An Extraordinary Union by this author last month and absolutely loved it. I’m now making my way through all of her other historical romances. Into The Water by Paula Hawkins. Like many others, I was a huge fan of The Girl On The Train so I knew I had to pick this up. I’ve also recently joined a book club and this is the first book we’re reading. Trisha Brown Everything, Everything by Nicola Yoon. Yes, I’m late to the party, but Everything, Everything has been on my TBR and my ereader for long enough. With the new film coming out, it’s time to carpe diem. (ebook) Haven by Rebekah Weatherspoon. I like everything I’ve read by Weatherspoon, the cover is great, and the subtitle is “Beards Bondage.” So all I have to do is wait for the person next to me on the plane to start reading over my shoulder. (ebook) Beth OBrien Woman No. 17 by Edan Lepucki:  For me, this was a case of holy-beautiful-cover! That, and it had female friendships in the description. Sold! Im only a handful of chapters in, but Im liking it so far. (Hardcover) Tiny Beautiful Things by Cheryl Strayed:  This one is a reread for me. Sometimes you just need a little wisdom from Sugar. Ive been enjoying looking back on quotes I underlined and underlining more. If you havent read this one yet, you need to. (Paperback)

Non-Verbal Communication and Western Culture - 1389 Words

While communication via spoken word constitutes a large part of everyday life, there is another type of communication that often goes overlooked. This other form of communication, known as nonverbal communication, is arguably used more frequently on an everyday basis than verbal communication (Knapp, 2013). Yet, rather than the use of spoken words, nonverbal communication revolves around displaying body language and other visual cues to communicate efficiently with others. Nevertheless, it should be noted that while non-verbal communication can be an effective way of expression, it can also be misinterpreted or go undetected at times. Through an in-depth analysis of the literature, there is the common belief that gender differences exist in relation to nonverbal communication (Hall, 1979) In general, this paper touches on the gender differences witnessed through the sense of touch, the study of proxemics and kinesics, as well as through encoding and decoding abilities. While there is no definitive reasoning behind these differences, the research attempts to explain these variations in terms of social power and dominance. Specifically, the potential cause for these discrepancies may lie in the fact that men tend to perceive themselves as the dominant members of society, while women in turn accept their inferior status (Briton, 1995). For within the areas of nonverbal communication mentioned above, men tend to display more aggressive, territorial behaviors while women areShow MoreRelatedNonverbal Communication in Foreign Culture vs My Culture1212 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples of the types of nonverbal communication that are specific to a foreign  culture and compare these to your own culture.  Ã‚  Analyse how the nonverbal communication of both cultures could impact upon business dealings between the two. Nonverbal communication is the act of communicating without speaking, and instead involves the use of gestures, facial expressions and body language and is an important part of how people communicate, sometimes more powerful than verbal interaction, and makes up a largeRead MoreAustralia Is A Culturally Diverse Society1659 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia is a culturally diverse society’. Explain what this statement means. Australia has been a culturally diverse society since long before white settlement. The indigenous people had many different cultures, languages and customs, even members of the First Fleet came from a number of culturally significant backgrounds. Diversity in Australia took large strides 67 years ago with the beginning of the Snowy River Scheme which promoted skilled immigrants to come here and work, because as a nationRead MoreChinese Culture and Communication: Chinese Culture and Communication1594 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous movement all over the world of people from varying countries and cultures has lead to an increase of cross-cultural communication. Australia is quickly developing into a multicultural nation attracting tourists from a vast range of countries. As a result, it is has become more important for people in Australia to be culturally sensitive and aware in order to successfully interact with these visitors of different cultures. These interactions are especiall y important in international airportsRead MoreBusiness Communication Is Different in Pakistan Compared to Western Countries! 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This paper will then conclude its findings Brief overview of cross-cultural communication skills Oral communication is transmitted through speech. It includes personal conversations, speeches, meetings, telephoneRead MoreThai vs Western Culture1605 Words   |  7 Pages Many countries have different religions and cultures. Culture is a form of human intellectual achievements. It is like learning a human’s behavior pattern. It does not matter what background you have or which part of the world you are from, everybody has a culture in them in some way. It involves interactions between people, for example verbal communication, non verbal communication and or facial expressions. 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A conclusion reached in a study (Palafox et al., 2002) states, culture influences the outcome of medical examination and; therefore, it is vital to provide culturally competent health care services. Cultural competency is especially important in the context of radiographic examination due to the variety of culturallyRead MoreThe Delivery Of Health Care1233 Words   |  5 PagesThese outcomes are reliant upon the communication and interaction of numerous professional. This reliance on communication between health care professionals, has underlined the importance of professional relati onships in the health care environment. The purpose of this essay is to highlight that importance in these relationships among healthcare workers, in achieving optimum patient outcomes. In this essay the use of communication strategies both verbal and non-verbal will be examined, as well as discussingRead MoreIntroduction. The Importance Of Communication Is The Needed1128 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The importance of communication is the needed basis in nursing practice. Communication is often dependent on the verbal and nonverbal communication (Marshall Stevens, 2015). Also behavioural along with speech aspects, skilled transfer with receiving of the nurse-patient information starts productive relationships or defiantly, it develops significant repercussions if used in an improper way. This essay will converse the importance of verbal with non-verbal communication in establishing and maintaining

The Medias Dangerous Perception of the Ideal Body Image

Tonight, Captain America: The First Avenger was airing on public television, so I decided to re-watch this fantastic Marvel movie. The main character, Steve Rogers, is a big-hearted, anemic-bodied American in the middle of World War 2. His grocery list of health issues and lacking physique resulted in several rejections from the enlistment officers. However thanks to his friendly German doctor, he eventually found himself injected with a serum that made him the perfect specimen of an American soldier (â€Å"Captain America: The First Avenger). Rogers went on to become one of the most iconic superheros ever to grace the comic book and media outlets, in his world and ours. There is no question as to why: Rogers is tall, blonde with an incredible†¦show more content†¦Women are immersed in a sea of imagery that is hard to ignore. One of the basics things people are taught growing up is that eating gives you the energy you need for the day. Growing a little older and a person be comes aware that eating too much causes you to grow bigger (or fatter). Then if a person wants to become thinner, the most logical place to start would be the diet. A study conducted by Duke University showed that 40% of all nine and ten year old girls have already been on a diet (Self Image/Media Influences). Surveys by the Centers for Disease Control in 2004 reported that in adolescents approximately ages fourteen through eighteen, more than 59% were trying to lose weight and that 18% of girls had gone without food for twenty-four hours (â€Å"Body Image†). Children at their pinnacle of growth development are destroying their bodies to achieve a ridiculous beauty standard. And it is not just children who fall for this. Over 90% of women surveyed at a college campus admitted to â€Å"attempting to control their weight through dieting† while 22% of those admitted to â€Å"dieting often or always† (Eating Disorder Statistics). But what happens when the women we m odel ourselves cheat to achieve the same standard they have set? The vast majority of models are considered anorexic within the Body Mass Index criteria, and many of them fall 25-35% below their ideal weight (Rader Programs). If famous actresses haveShow MoreRelatedEffects of Mass Medias Ideal of Thinness1482 Words   |  6 Pagesperspectives to match that of the media’s current ideals. Concern over the media’s influence on body image has recently risen, striking the notion that many people regard the images shown throughout media as ‘real’. However, unbeknownst to them, such unbelievably thin body types are not quite attainable in reality, and therefore, individuals’ own beauty ideals and body images become unrealistic. The mass media’s ideal image of thinness has greatly impacted the overall body image of today, and has been linkedRead MoreMedia s Effect On The Self Esteem Of The Girls1739 Words   |  7 Pages The standard that the media set for the girls is almost impossible to be achieved (Serdar, n.d.). This is probably the most dangerous effect that the media brings toward the self-esteem of the girls. It is natural for people, especially girls to compare themselves with other people (Serdar, n.d.). This comparison can be distinguished into 2 types, upward comparison and downward comparison. An upward comparison occurs when the girls compare themselves to someone who seems to be better than them.Read MoreThe Impact Of Media On Self Esteem1732 Words   |  7 Pagesto realize, even before reaching puberty that this is what their bodies should look like. Older children see celebrities constantly flaunting their sculpted figures, which they magically attained effortlessly. The media broadcasts the thin ideal in almost every way possible. As a result, eating disorders have become more prominent throughout communities because of the unrealistic expectations we hold for our appearances. Body dissatisfaction, or one not feeling content with one’s physical appearanceRead MoreSocial Media s Ideal Body Image For Woman1524 Words   |  7 Pagesand â€Å"womanly† (Merriam Webster/Femininity). When images for â€Å"femininity† are researched, most depict beautiful, perfectly made up, extremely skinny women wearing pink clothing with long, flowing hair. This photo description is social media’s ideal body image for woman. Because of this, sixty nine percent of girls in fifth through twelfth grade reported that pictures on certain types of social media influenced their perception of the ideal body image and forty seven percent of girls in that same ageRead More media Essays1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe media portrays unrealistic images that affect the way people, particularly woman, feel about themselves. And there is no way to avoid it. The media acts as a transmitter of potentially dangerous, socially desirable values and norms. Anyone can become a victim without eve n realizing it. Woman are told to believe distortions, inaccuracies, and bias on a daily basis. Somehow in that all the madness thinness has become synonymous with attractiveness. It is the medias job to surround us with slogansRead MoreHas the Media’s Portrayal of Women Negatively Affected the Body Image of The Wykeham Collegiate Senior School Girls?3130 Words   |  13 PagesHas the Media’s Portrayal of Women Negatively Affected the Body Image of The Wykeham Collegiate Senior School Girls? Table of Contents Page Cover Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Review of Literature 4 Methodology and Presentation of Findings 8 Processing of Findings 12 Conclusion 14 Reference list 16 Appendix 17 Introduction It seems that the media’s portrayalRead MorePositive Adult Role Models1038 Words   |  4 Pagesgo to that positive adult, so they can discuss their problem (â€Å"Media’s Positive And†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). Next, the effect of today’s media on teens are not connected with friends, they are exposed to things that can send mixed messages. Young teens need positive adult role models to decode those messages, so that teens do not take them wrong. Today, teen boys are meant to excel, and shun things that are not â€Å"masculine.† They are, according to media’s message, to obtain pleasure from life such as money, women, andRead MoreMedia s Influence On Body Image942 Words   |  4 PagesA body image is a subjective combination of all the thoughts, emotions, and judgments that an individual may perceive about his or her own body. Each individual has a unique perception of his or her own body. This image is strongly influenced and often times skewed due to t he increasing pressure created from outside, societal factors. With a world that is continuously creating new forms of social media and entertainment, individuals are constantly exposed to images that supposedly define bodily perfectionRead MoreGeneration Z: Fast and Furious Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesrudeness. There are many societal factors that influence the physical activities that Generation Z participate in by exploiting certain characteristics that Gen-Zers possess and society in general. Three of these societal influences are the media (body image), money and gender stereotypes. The media is defined by the Google Dictionary (2014) as â€Å"the main means of mass communication† and encompasses the internet, radio, newspaper, television etc. Due to recent advancements in technology, society canRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Image On Women s Self Perceptions And Feelings About Body Satisfaction And Physical Appearance1798 Words   |  8 Pages Body image is a major concern in women’s self-perceptions and feelings about body satisfaction and physical appearance. Individuals are at higher risk to experience negative body image issues if they hold beliefs and cognitions about their physical appearance, regardless of body mass (Butters Cash, 1987). Over weight and appearance related issues often surfaces early in females development, and continues throughout their lifespan. The importance of physical appearance is emphasized and reinforced

Growing Up Around, During, and After World War Ii Free Essays

During and After World War II Around and during World War II there were many challenges and many exciting and terrifying events occur. Many things happen such as the Great Depression, Pearl Harbor, C)-day, and Hiroshima. Billie Jean Ramsey-styles grew up during this time. We will write a custom essay sample on Growing Up Around, During, and After World War Ii or any similar topic only for you Order Now Billie was born in Brownsville, Yankee County, North Carolina on December 30 1930. Her mother was a homemaker; her father was a brick mason. She lived in a five-room house that had electricity but did not have an indoor tearoom. She did household chores like washing laundry and, dishes, making beds, carrying in firewood and cleaning house (Styles). According too U. S. History teacher â€Å"The Great Depression was the period of time in which the stock market crashed, banks failed, and the U. S. Had an economic fallout† (Mueller). It was a point in time when people did not have much of anything and they had to work hard to afford what they did have. Many people could not afford toys for their children. The children from this time still found things to do such as: play kick the can, hide and eek and, they also cut out people from magazines and used them as paper dolls. The depression also affected school budgets. Schools could not afford sports uniforms or other sports equipment. Me and my cheerleaders team made our uniforms in Home CE. Many people lost their Jobs and had to work at Civilian Conservation Corps Camps. â€Å"The camps were similar to the military. People were in small groups and wore uniforms. They had to work and follow all rules, but in return they got three square meals a day and a Job. The ICC camp in Brownsville worked on the Blue Ridge Parkway’ (Styles). According to an article called Invasion of Poland, Fall 1939 â€Å"The beginning of the war, on September 1st 1939 Poland was invaded by Germany. Germany defeated the Polish army within weeks and Britain and France declare war on Germany because Germany invaded Poland. Russia invaded eastern Poland on September 17th† Billie Jean remembers this time Clearly â€Å"me and many other people were worried that Germany and Russia would invade the United States. I may have been worried but she felt safe in the mountains of North Carolina† (Styles). The U. S. Gets involved in the war. â€Å"On December 7th 1941 Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese† (Mueller). â€Å"The Japanese had planned to destroy the Pacific Fleet but failed because, all of the aircraft carriers were away on missions or training† (Pearl). â€Å"Billie remembers what she was doing when she heard the news about Pearl Harbor. She was working a Jigsaw puzzle while her father was on the couch listening to the radio- this was before the television. All of a sudden they heard We interrupt this program for a special announcement. Japan has bombed Pearl Harbor’. Billie and her family were sad for the families whose loved ones were injured or killed in the attack. They were also upset that the U. S. Had been attacked. They continued to listen to the radio. Eventually, they heard â€Å"The U. S. Is now at war. † Since the U. S. Entered the war the government started to ration sugar and gas† (Billie). â€Å"The rationing of sugar and gas caused a rise in the black marker (Mueller). The Invasion to Normandy, â€Å"D-day, was on June 6 The plan was then to land and invade five beaches off the coast of France† (Mueller). Billie remembers what happened when the invasion was successful â€Å"The invasion was broadcast on the radio. I remember what happened when the invasion was successful. Everybody went to the town square to celebrate. The church bells were ringing, the fire whistle was going off and people were having fun. During this time period many stores shut down on Wednesday afternoons and people would get together and make victory gardens†. When asked what victory gardens were she replied Victory gardens were kitchen gardens planted during wartime to relieve food shortages† (Styles). â€Å"August 6th 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. This signaled the end of the war† (Mueller) Billie and her family were glad the war was over but sorrowful that so many people had to die to end it. They were also cared because such a destructive bomb had been developed (Styles). â€Å"After World War II everyone was rejoicing and relieved that the war was over. People were happy that the soldiers were returning home. Sugar and gas rations stopped; you could buy more at the grocery stores. After the war things died down and returned to normal† (Styles). Growing up around, during, and after World War II was an interesting time. There were many challenges and many exciting events, such as The Great Depression, D-day, Pearl Harbor, and Hiroshima. Billie Jean Styles and other people lived during this era. I chose Billie Jean Ramsey-styles as my interviewee cause she is my great, great grandmother, who is still alive. How to cite Growing Up Around, During, and After World War Ii, Essays

Diverse Organizations and Competition

Question: Discuss about the Diverse Organizations and Competition. Answer: Introduction Workplace diversity is identified as the variety of differences amongst employees in an organization. It is, however, much more complex than that including race, sex, racial group, age, traits, cognitive approach, term, organizational function, knowledge, background and more. Diversity does not simply include the insight of people about themselves; it also includes their observation about others. These varied perceptions influence the interactions that take place. To manage a workplace effectively, managers and supervisor sought to identify and classify the different ways in which the workplace is gradually altering and evolving. The insular environment is no more. Human resources professionals must understand the new requirements of the workplace and work towards dealing with them effectively. It is evident that in years to come, diversity in the workplace would experience a significant growth (Bond and Haynes 2014, pp.167-201). Diversity Defined There are different definitions of diversity. One of the very popular ones is by Hays-Thomas and Bendick (2013, pp.193-205), which says that at the workplace when various attributes mix up and start affecting the feelings of people, their thinking, behaviour, way of acceptance, work performance, satisfaction and the development of the organization then the organizations can be categorized as a diverse workplace. Anti Discrimination Commission Queensland (ADCQ) believes workplace diversity is the creation of an inclusive environment that takes in every individuals differences, engulfs their strengths and presents staff with the opportunities to attain their full potential (ADCQ : Diversity in the workplace 2017). Global Diversity Practice (2017) describes diversity as a parameter that can act useful in differentiating groups and people from one another. It empowers people, respecting and appreciating differences of all kinds. Dr. Tim Soutphommasane, the Race Discrimination Commissione r has commented about the Australian society that 28% of its population was born abroad and around 20% speaks other tongue other than English, making it clear that almost half of the inhabitants are either first generation or second generation Australian (2017). However, in the same population 20% say they have experienced racial discrimination of some kind, 11% have had the misfortune of being excluded from the workplace or social settings and 5% have been demoralized with facing physical assault because of their race (Soutphommasane 2017). It is evident that the definition of diversity does not work very well, nor are its benefits well understood. Benefits of Diversity in the Workplace The advantages of having a diverse environment has been seen since the time of World War II in the evolution of Europe. There had been struggles for domination, but the European Economic Community changed the attitudes slowly, making the people believe that union is strength. Europe became a super power because of well-managed diversity (Assaf 2017). Diversity Council Australia (2017) believes that any workplace that places great importance and value on diversity and makes the work environment free from discrimination of any kind becomes more productive. Greater employee satisfaction results in enhanced productivity and profitability. It also reduces employee turnover, in turn reducing costs of having to replace the vacant positions and the skilled and experienced employees. Diversity allows the harnessing of workforce skills and perspectives that helps in increasing levels of creativity and innovation (Siu 2013, pp.51-66).Any organization that builds up a reputation and garners resp ect for encouraging diversity builds better chances of enhancing the business. A respectable and diverse workplace appeals to talented employees who wants to either join the organization or stay in it. These kind of organizations make an expanded range of customers and suppliers want to do business with them or have a tie up, which can in turn open up new markets or bring in new opportunities (Eeckhout and Pinheiro 2014, pp.625-664). Studies conducted in both Australia and overseas have shown the results that the organizations which had female directors on board ended up delivering better financial performances. A similar Australian work-life balance survey came up with results that say the best practice organizations have seen much better benefits from work life initiatives. Leaders have seen the good results of effective diversity management in the form of business benefits, increased sales revenue, wider customer base, larger market share and greater relative profits (Diversity C ouncil Australia 2017). Challenges of Diversity Taking complete good position of the upsides of diversity in the place of work is not devoid of its troubles. Some of those obstacles are: Correspondence - Perceptual, communal and dialect hindrances ought to be conquered for diversity projects to do well. Inadequate communiqu of key goals takes about disorder, deficiency of collaboration, and low assurance (Nagar 2012, p.47). Imperviousness to transformation - There are certain representatives who would turn down to recognize the means that the communal and social cosmetics of their workplace are developing. The "we've generally done it along these lines" attitude quiets novel opinions and hinders progress. Usage of diversity in the workplace strategies - This could be the abrogating assessment to all diversity supporters. Furnished by means of the aftereffects of personnel appraisals and study information, they ought to construct and execute a modified technique to expand the influence of diversity in the place of work for their exact association (Nagar 2012, p.47). Productive Management of Diversity in the Workplace - Diversity arrangement single-handedly is not ample for any association's diversity administration assemble. A procedure have to be completed and actualized to create a culture of diversity that saturates each place of work and capability of the association (Nagar 2012, p.47). Tools or Approaches to Manage Diversity Diversity can be managed effectively with the help of practices that has the capacity to permeate any organization instead of just being non-discriminatory procedures that make necessities for identical prospects. Robbins and Judge (2013) say that diversity management in the workplace is the procedure and method that managers use to spread awareness among everyone on differences in others. Martn Alczar, Romero Fernndez and Snchez Gardey (2013, pp. 39-49) believe that the strategies need a holistic transformation to properly effectuate diversity in the workplace. As Evans (2012, pp. 741-752) says, only gender neutral practices would not do the job, as they only seem gender blind. Hanappi-Egger (2012, pp. 144-157) suggests gender-biased organizational cultures to be altered. Cole and Salimath (2013, pp. 151-161) believe it is best in the hands of an organizational leader to bring on diversity with the help of incorporation of the idea in the organizations strategies and mission stateme nts. Lauring and Selmer (2012, pp. 156-172) suggest the enhancement in internal communications that can increase employee interaction, openness and tolerance towards dissimilarity as a probable solution to this issue. It is important that diverse leaders are given influential positions in an organization so that they get the opportunity to bring in the change and also pass on their beliefs and practices to their protgs to make sure the culture remains (Robbins and Judge 2013). Conclusion A diverse labor force is a manifestation of a shifting world additionally, business focus. Diverse labor force conveys elevated regard to affiliations. Concerning complexities would promote the work environment by creation of an engaged edge and increasing work gainfulness. Diverse organization profits collaborators by making a rational and protected environment where everybody has section to circumstances and challenges. Organization instruments in a diverse workforce ought to be used to show everyone on differences and its problems, counting laws, also bearings. Most work environments involve contrasting social orders, so affiliations call for making sense of how to become accustomed to being prolific. References ADCQ, 2017. ADCQ : Diversity in the workplace. [online] Adcq.qld.gov.au. Available at: https://www.adcq.qld.gov.au/resources/for-employers/diversity-in-the-workplace [Accessed 13 Jan. 2017]. Assaf, J., 2017. Diversity in the Workplace | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. [online] Dss.gov.au. Available at: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-and-multicultural-affairs/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/1995-global-cultural-diversity-conference-proceedings-sydney/economic-aspects-of-diversity/diversity-in-the-workplace [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Bond, M. and Haynes, M., 2014. Workplace Diversity: A Social-Ecological Framework and Policy Implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 8(1), pp.167-201. Cole, B.M. and Salimath, M.S., 2013, Diversity identity management: an organizational perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), pp. 151-161. Diversity Council Australia, 2017. Diversity Council Australia. [online] Dca.org.au. Available at: https://www.dca.org.au/strategic-planning-overview/business-case-for-diversity.html [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Diversity Council Australia, 2017. Diversity Council Australia. [online] Dca.org.au. Available at: https://www.dca.org.au/about-dca/why-diversity-matters.html [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Eeckhout, J. and Pinheiro, R., 2014. DIVERSE ORGANIZATIONS AND THE COMPETITION FOR TALENT. International Economic Review, 55(3), pp.625-664. Evans, C., 2012, Recruitment initiatives aimed at increasing the gender diversity within ITEC employment. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 31(8), pp. 741-752 Global Diversity Practice, 2017. What is Diversity Inclusion? - Global Diversity Practice. [online] Global Diversity Practice. Available at: https://www.globaldiversitypractice.co.uk/what-is-diversity-inclusion/ [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Hanappi-Egger, E., 2012, Shall I stay or shall I go?. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 31(2), pp. 144-157 Hays-Thomas, R. and Bendick, M., 2013. Professionalizing Diversity and Inclusion Practice: Should Voluntary Standards Be the Chicken or the Egg?. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 6(3), pp.193-205. Lauring, J. and Selmer, J., 2012, Positive dissimilarity attitudes in multicultural organizations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(2), pp. 156-172. Martn Alczar, F., Romero Fernndez, P.M. and Snchez Gardey, G., 2013, Workforce diversity in strategic human resource management models. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 20(1), pp. 39-49. Nagar, M., 2012. Managing Diversity at the Workplace in a Global Economy: Challenges Opportunities. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 5(2), p.47. Robbins, S. and Judge, T., 2013. Organizational Behavior. 15th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Siu, K., 2013. Innovation for Diversity and Fairness. The International Journal of Community Diversity, 12(1), pp.51-66. Soutphommasane, T., 2017. Cultural diversity in the workplace | Australian Human Rights Commission. [online] Humanrights.gov.au. Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/cultural-diversity-workplace-0 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017].

How to Classify Chemical Reaction Orders Using Kinetics

How to Classify Chemical Reaction Orders Using Kinetics Chemical reactions can be classified based on their reaction  kinetics, the study of reaction rates. Kinetic theory states that  minute particles of all matter are in constant motion and that the temperature of a substance is dependent on the velocity of this motion.  Increased motion is accompanied by increased temperature. The general reaction form is: aA bB → cC dD Reactions are categorized as zero-order, first-order, second-order, or mixed-order (higher-order) reactions. Key Takeaways: Reaction Orders in Chemistry Chemical reactions may be assigned reaction orders that describe their kinetics.The types of orders are zero-order, first-order, second-order, or mixed-order.A zero-order reaction proceeds at a constant rate. A first-order reaction rate depends on the concentration of one of the reactants. A second-order reaction rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of a reactant or the product of the concentration of two reactants. Zero-Order Reactions Zero-order reactions (where order 0) have a constant rate. The rate of a zero-order reaction is constant and independent of the concentration of reactants. This rate is independent of the concentration of the reactants. The rate law is: rate k, with k having the units of M/sec. First-Order Reactions A first-order reaction (where order 1) has a rate proportional to the concentration of one of the reactants.  The rate of a first-order reaction is proportional to the concentration of one reactant.  A common example of a first-order reaction is  radioactive decay, the spontaneous process through which an unstable  atomic nucleus  breaks into smaller, more stable fragments. The rate law is: rate k[A] (or B instead of A), with k having the units of sec-1 Second-Order Reactions A second-order reaction (where order 2) has a rate proportional to the concentration of the square of a single reactant or the product of the concentration of two reactants. The formula is: rate k[A]2 (or substitute B for A or k multiplied by the concentration of A times the concentration of B), with the units of the rate constant M-1sec-1 Mixed-Order or Higher-Order Reactions Mixed order reactions have a fractional order for their rate, such as: rate k[A]1/3 Factors Affecting Reaction Rate Chemical kinetics predicts that the rate of a chemical reaction will be increased by factors that increase the kinetic energy of the reactants (up to a point), leading to the increased likelihood that the reactants will interact with each other. Similarly, factors that decrease the chance of reactants colliding with each other may be expected to lower the reaction rate. The main factors that affect reaction rate are: The concentration of reactants: A higher concentration of reactants leads to more collisions per unit time, which leads to an increased reaction rate (except for zero-order reactions.)Temperature: Usually, an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the reaction rate.The presence of catalysts: Catalysts  (such as enzymes) lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction and increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.  The physical state of reactants: Reactants in the same phase may come into contact via thermal action, but surface area and agitation affect reactions between reactants in different phases.Pressure: For reactions involving gases, raising pressure increases the collisions between reactants, increasing the reaction rate. While chemical kinetics can predict the rate of a chemical reaction, it does not determine the extent to which the reaction occurs.

70 Million Years of Primate Evolution

70 Million Years of Primate Evolution Many people take an understandably human-centered view of primate evolution, focusing on the bipedal, large-brained hominids that populated the jungles of Africa a few million years ago. But the fact is that primates as a whole - a category of megafauna mammals that includes not only humans and hominids, but monkeys, apes, lemurs, baboons, and tarsiers - have a deep evolutionary history that stretches as far back as the age of dinosaurs. (See a gallery of prehistoric primate pictures and profiles.) The first mammal that paleontologists have identified as possessing primate-like characteristics was Purgatorius, a tiny, mouse-sized creature of the late Cretaceous period (just before the K/T Impact Event that rendered the dinosaurs extinct). Although it looked more like a tree shrew than a monkey or ape, Purgatorius had a very primate-like set of teeth, and it (or a close relative) may have spawned the more familiar primates of the Cenozoic Era. (Genetic sequencing studies suggest that the earliest primate ancestor may have lived a whopping 20 million years before Purgatorius, but as yet theres no fossil evidence for this mysterious beast.) Scientists have touted the equally mouse-like Archicebus, which lived 10 million years after Purgatorius, as the first true primate, and the anatomic evidence in support of this hypothesis is even stronger. Whats confusing about this is that the Asian Archicebus seems to have lived around the same time as the North American and Eurasian Plesiadapis, a much bigger, two-foot-long, tree-dwelling, lemur-like primate with a rodent-like head. The teeth of Plesiadapis displayed the early adaptations necessary for an omnivorous diet - a key trait that allowed its descendants tens of millions of years down the line to diversify away from trees and toward the open grasslands. Primate Evolution During the Eocene Epoch During the Eocene epoch- from about 55 million to 35 million years ago- small, lemur-like primates haunted woodlands the world over, though the fossil evidence is frustratingly sparse. The most important of these creatures was Notharctus, which had a telling mix of simian traits: a flat face with forward-facing eyes, flexible hands that could grasp branches, a sinuous backbone, and (perhaps most important) a bigger brain, proportionate to its size, than can be seen in any previous vertebrate. Interestingly, Notharctus was the last primate ever to be indigenous to North America; it probably descended from ancestors that crossed the land bridge from Asia at the end of the Paleocene. Similar to Notharctus was the western European Darwinius, the subject of a big public relations blitz a few years back touting it as the earliest human ancestor; not many experts are convinced. Another important Eocene primate was the Asian Eosimias (dawn monkey), which was considerably smaller than both Notharctus and Darwinius, only a few inches from head to tail and weighing one or two ounces, max. The nocturnal, tree-dwelling Eosimias - which was about the size of your average Mesozoic mammal - has been posited by some experts as proof that monkeys originated in Asia rather than Africa, though this is far from a widely accepted conclusion. The Eocene also witnessed the North American Smilodectes and the amusingly named Necrolemur from western Europe, early, pint-sized monkey ancestors that were distantly related to modern lemurs and tarsiers. A Brief Digression - The Lemurs of Madagascar Speaking of lemurs, no account of primate evolution would be complete without a description of the rich variety of prehistoric lemurs that once inhabited the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar, off the east African coast. The fourth-largest island in the world, after Greenland, New Guinea, and Borneo, Madagascar split off from the African mainland about 160 million years ago, during the late Jurassic period, and then from the Indian subcontinent anywhere from 100 to 80 million years ago, during the middle to late Cretaceous period. What this means, of course, is that its virtually impossible for any Mesozoic primates to have evolved on Madagascar before these big splits- so where did all those lemurs come from? The answer, as far as paleontologists can tell, is that some lucky Paleocene or Eocene primates managed to float to Madagascar from the African coast on tangled thatches of driftwood, a 200-mile journey that could conceivably have been accomplished in a matter of days. Crucially, the only primates to successfully make this trip happened to be lemurs and not other types of monkeys - and once ensconced on their enormous island, these tiny progenitors were free to evolve into a wide variety of ecological niches over the ensuing tens of millions of years (even today, the only place on earth you can find lemurs is Madagascar; these primates perished millions of years ago in North America, Eurasia, and even Africa). Given their relative isolation, and the lack of effective predators, the prehistoric lemurs of Madagascar were free to evolve in some weird directions. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed plus-sized lemurs like Archaeoindris, which was about the size of a modern gorilla, and the smaller Megaladapis, which only weighed 100 pounds or so. Entirely different (but of course closely related) were the so-called sloth lemurs, primates like Babakotia and Palaeopropithecus that looked and behaved like sloths, lazily climbing trees and sleeping upside-down from branches. Sadly, most of these slow, trusting, dim-witted lemurs were doomed to extinction when the first human settlers arrived on Madagascar about 2,000 years ago. Old World Monkeys, New World Monkeys and the First Apes Often used interchangeably with primate and monkey, the word simian derives from Simiiformes, the infraorder of mammals that includes both old world (i.e., African and Eurasian) monkeys and apes and new world (i.e., central and South American) monkeys; the small primates and lemurs described on page 1 of this article are usually referred to as prosimians. If all this sounds confusing, the important thing to remember is that new world monkeys split off from the main branch of simian evolution about 40 million years ago, during the Eocene epoch, while the split between old world monkeys and apes occurred about 25 million years later. The fossil evidence for new world monkeys is surprisingly slim; to date, the earliest genus yet identified is Branisella, which lived in South America between 30 and 25 million years ago. Typically for a new world monkey, Branisella was relatively small, with a flat nose and a prehensile tail (oddly enough, old world monkeys never managed to evolve these grasping, flexible appendages). How did Branisella and its fellow new world monkeys make it all the way from Africa to South America? Well, the stretch of Atlantic Ocean separating these two continents was about one-third shorter 40 million years ago than it is today, so its conceivable that some small old world monkeys made the trip accidentally, on floating thatches of driftwood. Fairly or unfairly, old world monkeys are often considered significant only insofar as they eventually spawned apes, and then hominids, and then humans. A good candidate for an intermediate form between old-world monkeys and old-world apes was Mesopithecus, a macaque-like primate that, like apes, foraged for leaves and fruits during the day. Another possible transitional form was Oreopithecus (called the cookie monster by paleontologists), an island-dwelling European primate that possessed a strange mix of monkey-like and ape-like characteristics but (according to most classification schemes) stopped short of being a true hominid. The Evolution of Apes and Hominids During the Miocene Epoch Heres where the story gets a bit confusing. During the Miocene epoch, from 23 to 5 million years ago, a bewildering assortment of apes and hominids inhabited the jungles of Africa and Eurasia (apes are distinguished from monkeys mostly by their lack of tails and stronger arms and shoulders, and hominids are distinguished from apes mostly by their upright postures and bigger brains). The most important non-hominid African ape was Pliopithecus, which may have been ancestral to modern gibbons; an even earlier primate, Propliopithecus, seems to have been ancestral to Pliopithecus. As their non-hominid status implies, Pliopithecus and related apes (such as Proconsul) werent directly ancestral to humans; for example, none of these primates walked on two feet. Ape (but not hominid) evolution really hit its stride during the later Miocene, with the tree-dwelling Dryopithecus, the enormous Gigantopithecus (which was about twice the size of a modern gorilla), and the nimble Sivapithecus, which is now considered to be the same genus as Ramapithecus (it turns out that smaller Ramapithecus fossils were probably Sivapithecus females!) Sivapithecus is especially important because this was one of the first apes to venture down from the trees and out onto the African grasslands, a crucial evolutionary transition that may have been spurred by climate change. Paleontologists disagree about the details, but the first true hominid appears to have been Ardipithecus, which walked (if only clumsily and occasionally) on two feet but only had a chimp-sized brain; even more tantalizingly, there doesnt seem to have been much sexual differentiation between Ardipithecus males and females, which makes this genus unnervingly similar to humans. A few million years after Ardipithecus came the first indisputable hominids: Australopithecus (represented by the famous fossil Lucy), which was only about four or five feet tall but walked on two legs and had an unusually large brain, and Paranthropus, which was once considered to be a species of Australopithecus but has since earned its own genus thanks to its unusually large, muscular head and correspondingly larger brain. Both Australopithecus and Paranthropus lived in Africa until the start of the Pleistocene epoch; paleontologists believe that a population of Australopithecus was the immediate progenitor of genus Homo, the line that eventually evolved (by the end of the Pleistocene) into our own species, Homo sapiens.

Discuss Augustines understanding of the relation between human loves Essay

Discuss Augustines understanding of the relation between human loves and the love of God, with particular focus on his experience of the death of his friend (described in Book IV of the Confessions) - Essay Example He emphasized loving the earthling and the immortal was same. God resided in the very heart of humans which stirred love. â€Å"Self love and love of others coincide with love of God when inserted into the ordered hierarchy of loves† (Cavadini and Fitzgerald, 29) Augustine opposed self love and termed it as evil, which misguides humans taking them in the opposite direction of the eternal power. For him human existence was a struggle where one copes with sin and salvation. The triumph over salvation could be achieved only through divine grace. For Augustine the concept of proper love was always directed to God as he believed that the very thought of love was incited by God himself. â€Å"All we can do is to love God, who is love, for God’s sake.†(Boeve, Schrijvers, Stoker and Vroom, 279) Loving fellow human beings in the right spirit was equal to loving God with full dedication of soul, heart and mind. Augustine implied the desire to find one’s inner self was synonym to the desire of attaining proximity with the Almighty. Yearning to love one’s fellow being was equal to the desire to love God. Augustine’s theory of love was inspired by Neo-Platonist tradition which encouraged the thought that love was a creation of God in which human participation was very essential for the welfare of humanity. God was the ultimate finishing point and love provided the path to reach that goal. â€Å"The ultimate vocation of the Christian then is grow in his or her relationship to God. The self must learn how to abandon itself for the sake of participating more and more in God’s love.† (Boeve, Schrijvers, Stoker and Vroom, 279) This understanding of love is called kenotic view. Augustine perceived love as the rescue boat which transports the fallen human beings to God’s grace. The underline of this thought was the relation shared between a human and God was a central relation,

War 1812 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War 1812 - Assignment Example The 1812 war had a number of heroes as well as heroines, whereby the most common being Andrew Jackson and James Madison. Whereas Madison has recognition due to his role in drafting the Virginia state constitution, Conversely, Andrew Jackson is remembered for the role he played, whereby alongside Tennessee and Kentucky volunteers, he managed to defeat the British army (Hickey). According to Cantor, the war acted as a watershed moment for the entire state’s development program. This is because through it US came up with a much stronger national defense system that apart from providing justification for the navy, it also altered the nation’s attitude, for instance, strengthening of the central governance (Cantor). After the war, US realized that apart from one’s physical appearance, professionalism also plays a major role when it comes to military prowess. It is due to this that it established a number of military academies, for instance, Citadel as well as US Coast guard academy. Military academies play a major role in offering skills that one ought to have before going to the battlefield. The new system has proved to be quite effective; this is due to the numerous times it has been put to test, for instance, when the US went to war with Afghanistan and after years of intensive fighting, it emerged victorious, though it suffered a numbe r of casualties

The Strength Of Destination: Jamaica

The Strength Of Destination: Jamaica To effectively manage and market destination Jamaica for visitors appeal, close attention is required as it relates to the advertising and selling of the destination likewise the maintenance of the tourism product to attract visitors. Promote special events that can attract visitors throughout the year and enhance the image of the destination overseas. The Jamaica Tourist Board can promote special events like Reggae Summer Festival and Jazz and Blues Concert. These events attract thousands of international visitors from all over the world annually. However through this market our music is marketed throughout the world and has put reggae music atop the charts internationally. This special event has also attracted artist, producers, promoters and visitors which increase the number of visitors entering the country within that given period. Exploit the advantages of internet technology to market Jamaica. There are different reasons why people exploit the internet technology to advertise and market a destination or a distinctive product. One of the major advantages is that advertising on the internet is cost efficient and is more conducive to users of the World Wide Web. Millions of people are online each day and therefore they can view advertisements whenever they want. In addition, it allows for target marketing which is more effective on the internet than anywhere else. Likewise, internet marketing allows for interaction and feedback from viewers through surveys, reports, tweets etc. and therefore this also help to overcome barriers of distance. Promote a greater awareness locally of the importance of tourism in the Jamaica economy through the local communication programs. The Jamaica Tourist Board can assist local residence of the significance of becoming more aware of tourism in the Jamaica economy by launching a Jamaica tourism awareness program that will not only educate locals about tourism but also inform them about the importance of preserving the environment for sustainable development. The importance of tourism in the Jamaica economy can be brought across to locals through other forms of communication programs such as seminars, workshops and cultural trade shows. Promote Jamaica to Jamaicans The program that is used to promote Jamaica to Jamaicans is called experience Jamaica. Although we are citizens of the beautiful destination Jamaica not very often do we explore the opportunities of experiencing the different aspects of tourism offered throughout destination Jamaica due to cost constrain. However this program is designed with the aim of giving locals such privileges. All attractions and special hotels within the destination is packaged at a special reduce rate and sold to locals allowing them the opportunity to experience Jamaica affordably. Achieve a greater integration with Jamaica Vacation and Jamaica Reservation Service so that the combined efforts of these agencies will have full impact on the market place. The Jamaica Vacation is the company that is responsible for getting airlift into the country and likewise the Jamaica Reservation Service both companies combined together will ensure that visitors are secured for both airlift and hotel accommodation into the country. SWOT analysis of the techniques that were used in question 1. The SWOT analysis can simply be described as the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats which focus on the micro and macro environment. However, according to the Jamaica Tourist Board, the SWOT analysis is the fundamental strategy which is used to accentuate the positives, reduce the negatives as far as possible, exploit the opportunities, and at the same time, recognize the threats. STRENGTH OF DESTINATION JAMAICA The Flag, Jamaica flag is the most recognized throughout the world because of its unique combination of colours with each depicting a different significant meaning. Black, representing the hardship of the people of the nation. Green, the luscious mountains. And last but not least Gold, the magnificent sunshine. The Climate: unlike other countries that experience snow and weather of different kind, destination Jamaica is blessed to have tropical weather all year round which attract visitor to our island. The Language: Jamaica is the premier English speaking destination throughout the Caribbean with a blend of creole which is so unique that all visitors who are vacationing in Jamaica will want to learn the language. The Geographic Location: Jamaica on the Greater Antilles is situated 150 kilometers south of Cuba and 160 kilometers west of Haiti. Jamaica is the largest of the West Indian island. It has an area of 11,424 square kilometers, and is 243 kilometers long. Jamaica is in close proximity to the United States. Special Events: Jamaica host some of the best events throughout the year such as Jamaica jazz and blues festival in the month of January, Bob Marley Birthday Celebrations in the month of February, Soul Rebellion Spring Break Party held in March, Trelawny Yam Festival in April, 20th Annual Jamaica Product Exchange (JAPEX) in May, Ocho Rios Jazz Festival in June, Portland Jerk Festival in July, Mello-Go-Round, Independence and Emancipation Celebration in August, Wine and Food Festival in September, Jamaica Product Exchange 11 in October, Port Royal Music Festival and Restaurant Week in November and New Years Harbour Festival and Fireworks in December. This goes to show some of the most popularly listed events that attract visitors to destination Jamaica on numerous occasions throughout the year. Accessibility: Destination Jamaica is easily accessible by air at anyone of our three international airports. Donald Sangsters International Airport in Montego Bay. Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston and the Ian Flemings International Airport in Boscobel. It is also accessible by land and by sea at anyone of our three cruise ship pier whether it is Montego Bay, Falmouth or Ocho Rios. Easily Trained Staff: wherever we go we easily adapt to changes and do not require much training to effectively carry out a given task. Culture: The rich and diverse culture and heritage of Jamaica is renowned throughout the world. Jamaica multicultural history is best summarized in the national motto: Out of many, one people. Tourism Product: the 3 S which makes up the tourism product sun, sea and sand. Agricultural opportunities: According to the Jamaica observer published April 30, 2009 Jamaica outstanding performance at the Beijing Olympics brought new focus on Jamaican food yam and tubers in particular which in some quarter was credited for Usain Bolts meteoric and historic achievements. In addition, imploring investors to take advantage of the opportunity to invest in Jamaica. Culture and historical heritage: Jamaica culture and historical heritage aptly describes the music, cuisine, tradition, art and clothing, religion and folk lore. Bauxite and Alumina: considered the most important sector of Jamaican economy accounting for about 10% GDP, Enabling Jamaica to become the leading bauxite producer in the world. Renewable energy sources supply: The country has the advantages of utilizing renewable energy sources which comprise wind energy, solar thermal, wave energy and gas from animal waste just to name a few. Focus on prudent fiscal management: maintain fiscal records and procedures of the agency that provides protection for the resources of the agency as well as records and procedures which generate economy effectiveness and operation efficiency. Tax Administration Development Airlift, including the national airline Caribbean Airline formerly Air Jamaica WEAKNESS OF DESTINATION JAMAICA Image in the market place, unsafe destination Insufficient schedule air service from some markets for example Europe Lack of man-made attractions/development of natural attractions Lack of enough large facilities to adequately host large meetings and conventions over 300 people Crime and culture of indiscipline and lawlessness Poor human rights system Poor representation of electors Low literacy and poor school governance Poverty economic dependence Inefficient court system High cost of energy Poor organization of small businesses Unfriendly tax policies Political systems Inefficient Bureaucracy Poor infrastructure Inaccessible garrison communities OPPORTUNITIES OF DESTINATION JAMAICA Global recovery increased markets Import substitutions opportunities Renewable energy opportunities Poor structure and dependency means greater opportunities to grow Public sector rationalization Tax reform and simplification Domestic tourism Cruise passengers as potential stopovers THREATS OF DESTINATION JAMAICA Pollution of Environment Visitors Harassment Global Recovery inflation, higher interest rates Rising oil and commodity prices Focus on more investor friendly emerging economies upcoming elections fiscal appetite for revenue Inadequate Health Care The value of the Tourism Marketing Plan The Tourism Marketing Plan, establish growth based on a sustainable market position in line with market trends which helps to enhance the visitors experience through mobilizing investment by increasing the types and quality of attractions. This gives awareness in the market place. The marketing plan may be part of the business plan. A solid marketing strategy is the foundation of a well written marketing plan. Thus the value of the plan is to provide a strategic vision for the development of the industry and a framework through which that strategic vision can be realized. Three processes involved in developing the Tourism Marketing Plan Introduction: set out the main theme of the Tourism Marketing Plan. It starts with a discussion of what constitute sustainable tourism development and then outline the main strategic objectives of the marketing plan and the measure designed to achieve them. Sustainable Tourism: the aim of the marketing plan to move the industry on a path of sustainability which includes a key finding of the Diagnostic and Strategic options. Strategic Objectives: to ensure consensus of the future direction of the industry and the strategic objectives set for it. The diagnostic and strategic options report set out three strategic options for planning the future growth of the industry. The three options are: Accelerating growth so that tourism can play the lead role in economic development envisaged in the national industrial policy (NIP) with particular regard to serving as a lead sector of the economy earning foreign exchange and creating employment. Enhancing visitors experience, through developing and satisfying diversifying the product, to improve the long term competitive positioning of the industry and to achieve self-sustaining growth based on word- of mouth referrals and high repeat visitors. Achieving sustainability through improving socio-economic integration, by putting communities at the Centre of the tourism planning process and by helping to preserve Jamaicas rich heritage of the national and built environment and its unique history and culture. Five external organizations that could assist the Jamaica Tourist Board with implementation of a Destination Marketing Plan Immunology: Techniques and Functions Immunology: Techniques and Functions a) Acquired resistance The efficient and protective response against dermatophytosis is a cell-mediated response of the DTH, characterized namely by the action of macrophages as effector cells, interferon-ÃŽ ± secretion from type 1 T-helper lymphocytes and by some key cytokines like interferon-ÃŽ ³ (IFN-ÃŽ ³). Immune detection and chemotaxis occur via low-molecular weight chemotactic factors or alternative complement pathway activation. However, the immune response that is raised, and especially the degree of inflammation, varies according to the dermatophyte species, the host species and the pathophysiological status of the host.26 In general, the zoophilic species cause more inflammatory infections which may heal spontaneously and result in relative resistance to reinfection. The anthropophilic species usually cause more chronic, less circumscribed infections which result in less resistance to reinfection.26 b) Hypersensitivity (Trichophytin Reaction) The trichophytin reaction is the term used for cutaneous hypersensitivity to dermatophyte antigens injected intradermally in humans. Both immediate- and delayed-type reactions occur, but the latter is most often associated with infection.26 Trichophyton species can be isolated from patients with deep-seated trichophytosis in a liquid medium consisting of beef extract, peptone, and maltose. After 2 to 3 months at room temperature, the growth is ground and filtered.26 In patients with deep-seated trichophytosis, parenteral injection of trichophytin caused signs and symptoms analogous to those induced in tuberculous patients by injection of tuberculin: general toxic reactions including elevated temperature, perspiration, loss of appetite, headache, and pain in the joints. There was inflammation, formation of pustules, and burning at the injection site.26 Dermatophytid reactions (4–5% of patients) are inflammatory eczematous allergic skin reactions at sites distant from primary fungal infection. Being KOH and culture negative, it is associated with a DTH response to trichophytin test and may involve a local DTH response to systemically absorbedfungal antigen.26 c) Antibodies; Antibody formation does not seem to be protective. The dermatophyteantigen is thought to be processed by epidermal Langerhans cells and presented in local lymph nodes to T lymphocytes which proliferate, migrate to the infected site, and produce inflammation. The epidermal barrier becomes permeable to transferring and migrating cells leading to spontaneous resolution of lesions. Trichophytin skin test is now positive and clearing of second infection will be more rapid. Rivalier showed that a dermatophytic infection in humans results in a relative resistance to subsequent infection called‘le phenomene de la reaction acceleree’or‘le phenomene de Bruno Bloch’, mainly by the inflammatory forms (kerion), caused by zoophilic species, but not always follow the more chronic anthropophilic infections. Fungi which do not invade the hair follicle do not seem to give rise to an equivalent immunity when growing in the horny layer of the smooth skin. In contrast, a study c ould not demonstrate such acquired immunity in experimentalT. rubruminfection of smooth skin.26 d) Non-Specific Resistance Natural defenses against dermatophytes depend on immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms. Many nonspecific factors may account for natural resistance to infection. It is mainly related to the serum factor, a fungistatic substance in serum of normal individuals and animals. This factor is believed to limit the growth of the dermatophytes to the keratinized layers, i.e., prevent their invasion of living tissues.26 Host factors that help limiting the infection to keratinized tissue include their preference for cooler skin temperatures than the normal body temperature, serum inhibitory factors(beta-globulins, ferritin and other metal chelators) binding to iron essential for growth of dermatophytes. Unsaturated transferrin inhibits the growth of dermatophytes by binding to the hyphae. A growth modifying, ÃŽ ±2 macroglobulin keratin inhibitor, has also been identified in serum. The natural resistance of scalp to 1. Direct Microscopic Examination Direct microscopy provides an early and reasonably reliable method of diagnosing or excluding fungal infections. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) preparation Direct mounts are made by mixing a small portion of the material in 2-3 drops of 10% KOH on a microscope slide. A cover slip is placed over KOH specimen and the slide is gently heated. The slide is allowed to cool and ‘ripen’ for few minutes before examination. The KOH ‘cleans’ the specimen by digesting proteinaceous debris, bleaching pigments and loosening sclerotic material without damaging fungus, making hyphal forms easier to see. The slides are examined under bright field microscope with low condenser, first under 10x and then under 40x. The hyphae stand out as highly refractile long undulating branched septate threads. At times these hyphae fragment into rounded or barrel shaped arthrospores. The arthrospores are outside the hair shaft in chains in a mosaic pattern or intrapilar depending on the species involved and whether it is endothrix or ectothrix. 20% KOH are used for nail samples. In case the nails do not soften satisfactorily, the slide may be kept in an incubator at 370C for 1 hour. Hair should be examined as soon as possible after mounting. Some modifications of KOH preparation Addition of 5% glycerin to 25% KOH or NaOH prevents desiccation. 20% KOH dissolved in 40% DMSO helps in rapid penetration and maceration of tissue without resorting to heating.36 Addition of Parker Superchrome Blue-black ink to KOH solution selectively colors the hyphae making them more prominent. Sodium sulphide may also be used as a clearing agent. Eosin 1% may be added to KOH to stain the keratin. It lends a pinkish background while fungal elements remain unstained.37 Modified Parker’s ink and 1% Eosin method: Eosin 1% is added to Parker’s ink in 2:1 proportion. The mixture is painted over the affected site and allowed to dry. Apply cellophane tape, gently press, remove it, stick over glass slide and observe under microscope. Background stains pink and fungal elements stain blue. 2. Calcofluor white stain Calcofluor white is a fluorescent brightener which selectively binds to chitin and cellulose in the fungal cell wall. It fluoresces light blue color when exposed to ultraviolet light (346-365nm). 3. Acridine Orange38 A drop of 0.01% acridine orange may be added to KOH and observed under fluorescent microscope. 4. PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff)38 Nail clipping stained with PAS is more rewarding as compared to KOH wet mount. The polysaccharides of fungi are oxidized by periodic acid to form aldehyde groups that yield magenta coloured compound with Schiff’s fuchsin sulfide. 5. Gomori Methenamine Silver Stain38 This stain works on the principle of liberation of aldehyde groups and their subsequent identification by reduced silver method. The aldehyde reduces methenamine silver nitrate complex resulting in brown black staining fungal cell wall due to deposition of reduced silver wherever aldehydes are located. Culture The most common media used for the isolation of dermatophytes is Sabourauds Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide to inhibit bacterial and saprobic fungal contamination, incubated at three temperatures i.e., 250 C, 300C and 370C Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) is used for the presumptive identification of dermatophytes. On incubation at 250C, the dermatophyte test media turns red due to change in color of the indicator phenol red by increased pH through their metabolic activity while most fungi do not.38 Potato flakes agar amended with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol is available as Rapid Sporulating Medium to promote rapid conidiation and colony pigmentation.39 SDA with 1% thiamine can be used for sporulation. The media should be inoculated and kept at room temperature for minimum of weeks. Sporulation usually occurs in 7 – 10 days. Some stains like T.verrucosum may take longer and some stains of T.tonsurans grow better when incubated at 370 C. Identification Identification is based on Colony characteristics in pure culture on SDA Microscopic morphology 1. Colony characteristics39 In observing gross colony morphology, note the color of the surface and the reverse of the colony, the texture of the surface (powdery, granular, wooly, cottony, velvety or glabrous) the topography (elevation, folding, margins, etc.,) and the rate of growth. 2. Microscopic morphology The appearance and arrangement of the conidia and other structures may be determined by tease mounts or slide culture preparation mounted on lactophenol cotton blue. Sometimes special media like corn meal agar, potato glucose agar, lactrimel agar, rapid sporulation medium may be required to stimulate sporulation. a. Tease mount (Lactophenol Cotton Blue) For preparing a mount, a portion of fungal fragment is removed with a spud and is teased on a glass slide in a drop of LCB stain using 2 teasing needles. A cover slip is placed and examined under the microscope. b. Slide culture Microscopic structures are beautifully preserved for study in fine details. A microscopic slide is placed on a bent glass rod at the bottom of a petri dish along with 1-2 cover slips and a filter paper. Petri dishes are closed with their lid, wrapped with craft paper and sterilized using hot air oven. Block of 1x2cm of Sabourauds agar poured into petri dishes up to a depth of 4mm is cut using sterile scalpel blade. The block is transferred to the surface of the glass slide. The agar block is inoculated at four sides using the fungal strain to be identified. The inoculated block is covered with sterile cover slip and incubated at 250 C. A little sterile distilled water is added on the filter paper to avoid drying of agar. When growth appears, a drop of LCB is placed on a slide and cover slip from block is placed over it. Likewise drop of stain is placed on glass slide of the slide culture after removing agar block; fresh cover slip is applied over it and is examined under the microsco pe.38,40 c. Scotch Tape Technique A 4 cm strip of scotch tape No. 800 is looped back on itself with the adhesive side out and held between the thumb and index finger. The adhesive side is pressed firmly to the surface of the fungal colony. It is gently pulled and is placed in a small drop of LCB on a microscopic slide. Physiological tests 1. In vitro hair perforation test This is performed to differentiate between T.mentagrophytes and T.rubrum as well as M.canis and M.equinum. This test is taken positive when dermatophyte species show wedge shaped perforation in hair. It is positive in T.mentagrophytes and M.canis. 2. Urease Test Is done on Christensen’s medium. T.mentagrophytes hydrolyze urea thereby turns medium red while T.rubrum shows negative result. 3. Special nutritional requirements The method employs a casamino acids basal medium i.e., vitamin free [Trichophyton agar, (T1)] and to which various vitamins are added i.e., inositol (T2), thiamine + inositol (T3), thiamine (T4), and nicotinic acid (T5). In addition, the series includes an ammonium nitrate basal medium (T6) to which histidine is added (T7). After inoculation, incubated at room temperature or 370C (if T.verrucosum is suspected) and read after 7 and 14 days. The amount of growth is graded from 0-4+. 4. Growth on Polished Rice Grains This is a useful test for differentiating M.audouinii from M.canis and from other dermatophytes that typically grow and sporulate on rice grains. 5. Temperature tolerance and temperance enhancement Used for distinguishing T.mentagrophytes complex from T.terrestre, T.mentagrophytes from M.persicolor and T.verrucosum from T.schoenleinii. At 370 C, members of T.mentagrophytes complex show good result whereas T.terrestre does not grow and M.persicolor generally grows poorly or not at all; growth of T.verrucosum and T.soudanense is enhanced but that of T.schoenleinii and M.ferruginum is not. 6. Hair bait technique This technique is used for the isolation of geophilic species like M.gypseum from soil. Immunodiagnosis38 Skin tests with dermatophyte antigen trichophytin are used for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Trichophytin is a crude extract from dermatophytes producing positive delayed type hypersensitivity in most of the adults. The patients without delayed type reaction are more susceptible to chronic dermatophytosis. Serological tests Various serological tests like immunodiffusion are done to establish the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Animal pathogenicity It is done on guinea pigs. M.canis, M.gypseum and T.mentagrophytes may be established more readily in laboratory animals as compared to other species. It is done for studying nature of lesions and immunity produced by the organism. Molecular Identification Techniques Methods used are largely based on arbitrarily primed PCR or restriction fragment length polymorphism generated from PCR products. An oligonucleotide probe for T.rubrum has been developed. Nested PCR targeting Chitin Synthase I (CHSI) gene in skin and hair specimen of patients clinically suspected with dermatophytosis is used.41

Addressing international legal and ethical issues-Introduction Essay

The cultural differences and the difference between the local and international laws are the influential factors involved in the international business partnerships. Confusing ethical values, different legislations, and conflicts between various interests are the factors which are to be taken into serious consideration. When a US company enters in an agreement with a company located in another country, the legal enforceability of the terms of the contract must be ensured, with a foresight on any future eventualities. Apart from the legal aspects, there are various important factors related to the difference in ethical and cultural aspects between the two different societies. In the present case, CadMex pharma, the Florida based US pharmaceutical company is entering in an agreement with a Candore based biotechnology company Gentura. Candore is a country ruled by president Gwendoz, a dictator. Therefore the political and economic environment in that country is not as transparent as that of the US. See more: Beowulf essay essay CadMex is a company with a global reach having business operations in about 127 countries. For the contract between CadMex and Gentura the United States law must be made applicable. The companies from the member countries of WTO can opt for WTO as the forum for dispute settlement. However taking into consideration of the politically fragile situation in Candore, it is advisable to have a US based dispute settlement forum. Global marketing rights for Proprez, the medicine developed by Gentura will be given to CadMex. In return the Gentura will get technology license from CadMex. Contract for international sale of goods (CISG) can be considered as the best choice of law for CadMex, because the condorean regulations are relaxed only in the recent past after them entering into WTO very recently. From the point of view of CadMex, referring the cases to the US courts is considered preferable. But in this regard the agreement of Gentura must be obtained. In case of breach of contract it is better to get compensated through financial settlement. While two companies from different countries are entering into a contractual relationship, the international legal and ethical issues must be addressed carefully. Along with the legal issues, several aspects regarding the involvement of social, economic, political, religious, and cultural factors must also be taken into serious consideration. Addressing international legal and ethical issues-Introduction Essay The cultural differences and the difference between the local and international laws are the influential factors involved in the international business partnerships. Confusing ethical values, different legislations, and conflicts between various interests are the factors which are to be taken into serious consideration. When a US company enters in an agreement with a company located in another country, the legal enforceability of the terms of the contract must be ensured, with a foresight on any future eventualities. Apart from the legal aspects, there are various important factors related to the difference in ethical and cultural aspects between the two different societies. In the present case, CadMex pharma, the Florida based US pharmaceutical company is entering in an agreement with a Candore based biotechnology company Gentura. Candore is a country ruled by president Gwendoz, a dictator. Therefore the political and economic environment in that country is not as transparent as that of the US. See more:Â  Capital budgeting essay CadMex is a company with a global reach having business operations in about 127 countries. For the contract between CadMex and Gentura the United States law must be made applicable. The companies from the member countries of WTO can opt for WTO as the forum for dispute settlement. However taking into consideration of the politically fragile situation in Candore, it is advisable to have a US based dispute settlement forum. Global marketing rights for Proprez, the medicine developed by Gentura will be given to CadMex. In return the Gentura will get technology license from CadMex. Contract for international sale of goods (CISG) can be considered as the best choice of law for CadMex, because the condorean regulations are relaxed only in the recent past after them entering into WTO very recently. From the point of view of CadMex, referring the cases to the US courts is considered preferable. But in this regard the agreement of Gentura must be obtained. In case of breach of contract it is better to get compensated through financial settlement. While two companies from different countries are entering into a contractual relationship, the international legal and ethical issues must be addressed carefully. Along with the legal issues, several aspects regarding the involvement of social, economic, political, religious, and cultural factors must also be taken into serious consideration.