Essay about Nelson Mandelas Effect on South Africa

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be on the U.S Terror Watch List for more than 20 years and then be elected as your country’s president a year after you are removed from this list? This is what Nelson Mandela went through for many years of his life. Although many people have changed the face of government throughout the world, Nelson Mandela had had a huge impact on South Africa’s government system because of his childhood, prison life, and his presidency. Mandela had a very normal childhood compared to the rest of the kids in his country. Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 to mother Nonquaphi Nosekeni and father Nkosi Mphakanyishwa Gadla Mandela. His father died when he was only 12 years old but that did not†¦show more content†¦Mandela helped lead the ANC’s campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws and opened the first black law firm in South Africa, Also in the same year, he started studying at the University of London aft er his imprisonment where he did not complete his degree. All in all, Mandela’s childhood was pretty normal compared to the other children in his schools. Even though Mandela’s childhood was as normal as any other child’s, he would spend the next 58 years of his life going from prison to prison and facing numerous harsh punishments. The first time Nelson was imprisoned was in 1932. Between being in prison, he got his LLB through the University of South Africa in 1989. He was then charged with suppression of Communism for the participation in the Defiance Campaign in 1952. Mandela was sentenced to nine months of hard labor and was suspended for two years. He was banned for the first time at the end of the year in 1952 and was only allowed to watch in secret as the Freedom Charter was adopted. On December 5, 1955, he was arrested on the country-wide police swoop that led to the Treason Trial in 1956. During this trial, Nelson married Winnie Madikizela and h ad two daughters; the divorced in 1996. Before the Treason Trial ended, Mandela wrote to Prime Minister Verwoerd and asked for a non-racial national convention and warned that if he did not agree that there would be a national strike against South Africa becoming a republic. He then wentShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy of Nelson Mandela1215 Words   |  5 Pagessystem of apartheid (â€Å"In Nelson Mandela’s own words†). Nelson Mandela was a moral compass symbolizing the struggle against racial oppression. Nelson Mandela emerged from prison after twenty-seven years to lead his country to justice. For twenty-seven years he sat in a cell because he believed in a country without apartheid, a country with freedom and human rights. He fought for a country where all people were equal, treated with respect and given equal opportunity. Nelson Mandela looms large in theRead MoreAfrican National Congress Youth League1167 Words   |  5 Pageswitnessing the daily dehumanization of bl ack Africans, it became Mandela’s mission to correct the injustice. Association with the ANC and ANCYL provided the platform for Mandela to pursue his Anti-Apartheid mission and to craft strategies like the Defiance Campaign and M-Plan. The methodology utilized by the ANC and ANCYL inspired the AAM and UDF as well as lay the foundation for a new constitution with democratic elections. My Analysis: Nelson Mandela was a keen influence for the end of Apartheid. HisRead MoreThe Apartheid Of Nelson Mandela875 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Transkei, South Africa. He spent over thirty years in prison for his opposition against racist policies enforced by white South Africans. Mandela was exposed to the inequality of his country at a very young age. He was only 12 years old during the passing of his father. He was young and highly knowledgeable to events present inside his nation. Nelson Mandela joined the ANC Youth League. This grouped called for violence which was widespread strikes andRead MoreHow Far Has the Importance of Nelson Mandela in the Ending of Apartheid Been Exaggerated?1748 Words   |  7 PagesHow far has the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid been exaggerated? It can be argued that the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid has been greatly exaggerated. Apartheid ended due to a combination of long term and short term events. The ANC represented the main opposition of apartheid while protests and rebellions caught the attention of the world, international sanctions put pressure on the south African government and something had to be done before theirRead MoreLeadership Styles : Nelson Mandela And Mahatma Gandhi s Peace Movement1209 Words   |  5 Pagespower of two historical leaders using different leadership styles offers a foundation and direction that can be used in future conflicts to evolve positive change. Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi exemplified to the world that when disharmony shows its ugly face, there can be other ways to fight for change. Mandela’s efforts in the South African Apartheid beginning in 1948 and ending in 1994, chose forceful recognition while Gandhi working in the Peace Movement begin ning in 1893 and ending in 1914Read MoreNelson Mandela is a Worldwide Influence973 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela once said, â€Å"There is no passion to be found playing small - in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.† His life is a prime example of how passionately he believes these words. Even though he had to undergo many hardships, such as spending twenty-seven years in prison and battling tuberculosis, he never stopped striving to make a large impact on not only South Africa, but the world as well (Schoemaker). Nelson Mandela is a major worldwide influenceRead MoreThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela893 Words   |  4 Pagesas a unified population. Nelson Mandela was a key figure of someone who wanted equal rights and would do whatever it takes to achieve that goal. The South African people initially did not have any decision on politics, where they lived, occupation, and etc. Nelson Mandela, who was a part of this South African popula tion, followed his beliefs to eventually change these laws for his people. Even Nelson did not have the full rights as a human, but that never stopped him. Nelson and his people wanted theRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1750 Words   |  7 Pages(Kent). Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) was a human rights activist as well as the first black President of South Africa. Referred to as the living embodiment of black liberation, Mandela specifically fought against the government system of South Africa known as apartheid (Lacayo, Washington, Monroe, Simpson). Apartheid is an Afrikaan word meaning apartness and was a system of racial segregation for the South African people from 1948 until F.W. de Klerk became president in 1991. Although Nelson MandelaRead MoreThe Death of Nelson Mandela and the Asian Tsunami Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesBBC. Page 1 Local media spectacle I have chosen the media spectacle of Nelson Mandelas death as it was a huge topic for discussion both locally and globally. With regards to local vs global, Mandela was the anti-apartheid icon of the world and locally was a father to modern South Africa. The day he died brought the whole world to a stand still which signifies the power and the effect that this man had on the world. I will be discussing a few media institutes reflecting theirRead MoreThe Struggle Against the Apartheid State of South Africa Essay850 Words   |  4 Pages Mandelas childhood was very important in shaping him to be the man he was. His father losing his land in 1919 would have affected Mandelas opinion of how the country works as he grew up, and when he was 16 the main speaker at his circumcision told that Blacks were slaves in their own country. He grew up with the opinion that his country needed a better rule, because of how unfair it was to Black people. His earliest decisions to fight for Black liberation were

Intension to Use Mobile Banking in Myanmar Free Essays

string(41) " is provided for their transaction data\." Htet Khine Soe Student of Graduate School of Business, Assumption University, Thailand Rawin Vongurai, Ph.D. Lecturer of Graduate School of Business, Assumption University, Thailand   Literature Review Mobile banking is studied the most value-adding and necessary mobile commerce application (Baptista and Oliveira, 2015; Malaquias and Hwang, 2016; Chaouali, W. We will write a custom essay sample on Intension to Use Mobile Banking in Myanmar or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Souiden, N. and Ladhari, R. (2017)). Laukkanen and Kiviniemi (2010) defined mobile banking as â€Å"an interaction in which a customer is connected to a bank via a mobile device such as a cell phone, smartphone, or personal digital assistant†. Mobile banking services admit the customers to check account balances, transfer funds between account to account, and make mobile top-up bill and others payments. They have a huge potential market because of their always-on functionality and the option for customers can open their own mobile wallet accounts at anywhere of without needing to pay a visit to the bank. Perceived ease of use (PEOU) Davis (1989) described the perceived ease of use that â€Å"the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort†. It is the terms which a customer believes that a system is easy to learn or use. This system is similar to the complexity system used in innovation diffusion theory (IDT) (Rogers, 1995). Mobile banking technology should be simple and easy for the customer to understand in order to enhance acceptance (Chitungo and Munongo, 2013; Mortimer, G., Neale, L., Hasan, S.F.E. and Dunphy, B. (2015); Koksal, 2016). The factors affects the complexity in mobile banking system such as navigation problems, a small screen size, and transaction issues. Venkatesh (2000) found the perceived ease of use by integrating internal control (computer self-efficacy) and external control (facilitating condition) into technology acceptance model (TAM). The other studies (Davis, 1986, 1989) also pointed that perceived ease of use can impact perceived usefulness because other item being equal the easier the technology is to use the more useful it can be. The research in mobile banking system shows that perceived ease of use has significant effect on perceived usefulness. Social influence (SI) The theory of reasoned action (TRA) and its additions (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) require that human behavior is followed by intentions, which are designed based on an individual’s attitude towards the behavior and perceived subjective norms. Venkatesh et al. (2003) represented subjective norms as social influence, which is derived from theories such as theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behavior (TPB), decomposed theory of planned behavior DTPB, TAM2, C-TAM-TPB, the model of PC utilization (MPCU), and image in IDT. Social influence mentioned an individual’s perception of other people’s opinions if he or she should perform a particular behavior. The studies of mobile banking adoption have shown a relationship between social influence and intention to use mobile banking (Laukkanen et al., 2007; Amin et al., 2008; Riquelme and Rios, 2010; Puschel et al., 2010; Sripalawat et al., 2011; Dasgupta et al., 2011; Tan and Lau, 2016). Computer self-efficacy (CSE) The derivation of self-efficacy is social cognitive theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986). Self-efficacy expectation is the â€Å"conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes† (Bandura, 1977). Additional, â€Å"expectations of self-efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences† (Bandura, 1977). Self-efficacy belief is termed computer self-efficacy, which is termed as one’s perception of his or her ability to use a computer (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). In the mobile banking, if the customer believes that he or she has the required knowledge, skill, or ability to operate mobile banking, there is a higher chance of trying to usage the service. Through this hypothesis, the study explores whether a customer has the self-confidence to use mobile banking. Previous studies have exposed empirical evidence of a causal link between perceived ease of use and self-efficacy (Luarn and Lin, 2005; Wang, Y.-S., Lin, H.-H. and Luarn, P. (2006); Sripalawat et al., 2011; Jeong and Yoon, 2013). Perceived financial cost (PFC) The cost incurred in conducting mobile banking could slow its adoption. In the mobile banking, the cost has been found to be a major barrier to adoption (Yu, 2012; Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Koshksaray, A.A. and Tabar, M.J.S. (2014); Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K. and Rana, N.P. (2017)). The cost incurred consist of the initial purchase price, equipment cost, subscription charges, and transaction cost. Perceived financial cost is the extent to which a person believes that using mobile banking would be costlier than other options (Luarn and Lin, 2005). Security (S) Security is a serious concern when conducting financial transactions through electronic channels. Hence, this could be one of the main barriers to the adoption of mobile banking, as personal or financial information could be exposed and used for fraudulent activities. Kalakota and Whinston (1997) defined security as â€Å"a threat which creates circumstances, condition, or event with the potential to cause economic hardship to data or network resources in the form of destruction, disclosure, modification of data, denial of service and/or fraud, waste, and abuse†. Mobile banking contains more uncertainty and risk to the customer. In the mobile/wireless environment, security can be considered as the mobile payment-enabling application security, network security, and device security. The security mechanism of mobile banking has a positive effect on intention to use. Trust (T) Trust can be defined as the willingness to make one vulnerable to actions taken by a trusted party based on the feeling of confidence or assurance (Gefen, 2000). Masrek et al. (2012) defined trust in mobile banking as â€Å"the belief that allows individuals to willingly become vulnerable to the bank, the telecommunication provider, and the mobile technology after having the banks, and the telecommunication provider’s characteristic embedded in the technology artefact†. Trust shows a significant role in the adoption of mobile banking, helping customers overcome the fears of security/privacy risks and fraudulent activities in the mobile channels (Gu et al., 2009; Zhou, 2011; Afshan and Sharif, 2016). Trust is improved by the security mechanisms provided by mobile banking services. Customers are more likely to trust the new service if adequate security is provided for their transaction data. You read "Intension to Use Mobile Banking in Myanmar" in category "Papers" The researchers such as Komiak and Benbasat (2004) have noticed trust from the emotional point of view and defined as the extent to which an individual feels secure and confident about relying on the trustee. Ennew and Sekhon (2007) have defined the trust as â€Å"individual’s willingness to accept vulnerability on the grounds of positive expectations about the intentions or behavior of another in a situation characterized by interdependence and risk.† This definition combines both the emotional as well as cognitive dimensions of trust. Therefore, consumer trust could be described as a function of the degree of risk involved in the situation and it is basically needful only in uncertain situations. Behavioral intentions (BI) Intention is defined as a prediction of actual behavior in socio-psychological studies (Bagozzi, 1989). The studies evidenced that intention is a prediction of actual behavior. Bae (2014) point out that intentions are powered by a person’s attitude, norms and self-control. This study is founded Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior. The theory is used for behavioral intentions. It emphasize that a person’s behavior is intentional is the result of attitude, subjunctive norms and self-control. Behavioral intention is also described as the extent to which users are willing to use a technology (Carlsson, Carlsson, Hyvonen, Puhakainen ; Walden, 2006). The subjective norm construct for behavioral intention is the most supreme antecedent (Ajzen, 1991). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) explains the purchase intention (Ajzen ; Madden, 1986). The theory of reasoned action (TRA) describes that performance of behavior is presented by the intention to carry out the behavior itself (Warshaw, 1980). The theoretical studies point out that intentions predicts a person’s behavior. This view align with a context of BI to use customer intention of mobile banking system for this system. Research Framework and Methodology Research Objective This study proposed to identify the factors influencing acceptance and adoption of mobile banking systems in Myanmar and develop the behavioral intention to use the mobile banking in the Myanmar banking sector. Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of the study is adopted from the theoretical framework of Intention to use mobile banking in India (Sindhu Singh and R.K. Srivastava, 2018). The framework using in this research to find the customer intention to use the mobile banking system in Myanmar. To these study the factors consists of self-efficiency, perceived ease of use and social influence and intention to use. The other factors included security, Trust, and perceived financial cost, which are recognized to influence mobile banking acceptance(Luarn and Lin, 2005; Lee et al.,2007; Zhou, 2011; Yu, 2012; Hanafizadeh et al., 2014; Afshan and Sharif, 2016). The bank customer has many digital payment system to use than mobile banking where these six constructs play an important role. The study aimed that if the mobile banking system is easy to use, customers have the self-confidence to use and it is secure, trustworthy system, and cheaper than other digital payment system, more customers will be willing to use mobile banking system. Thus, the conceptual framework is developed to study the factors of influencing to use mobile banking in Myanmar as shown in Figure 1. Hypothesis The hypotheses of this research based on the conceptual framework to find the relationship between Self-Efficacy, perceived ease of use, Social Influence, Security, Trust, perceived financial cost that influence the customer intention to use the mobile banking in Myanmar. There are four hypotheses in this study are as follow; H1:Self-efficacy has significant influence on perceived ease of value of mobile banking system. H2: Self-Efficacy (H2a), perceived ease of use (H2b), Social Influence (H2c), Security (H2d), Trust (H2e), perceived financial cost (H2f) have significant influence on intention to use mobile banking system. H3: Security has significant influence on Trust of mobile banking system. H4: There is a significant mean difference in monthly income level on intention to use mobile banking system. Reliability Methodology This research was conducted by performing the qualitative analysis for the adoption of mobile banking systems in Myanmar through a survey method. The survey was carried on in form of online and offline questionnaire to collect all required data. The convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used as non-probability sampling for the data collection. There are three parts of in questionnaire which are screening question, Likert scale and demographic. Measurement of Conceptual Framework and Variables The target respondent of this research were people who live in Myanmar and have used mobile banking system. The literature review was conducted to ensure that the model were appropriate for developing the conceptual framework and to understand all variables incorporated in this study. A five-point Likert scale was applied to test all hypotheses by ranking from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) throughout this study to measure the hypotheses. Population and sample The research questionnaire was distributed through the online and offline based survey with 200 respondents answered to the survey. The questionnaires have been distributed using sampling techniques of the convenience and snowball methods in order to obtain the data. The people who live in Myanmar continuously 6 months and have used the mobile banking system were selected as target respondents for this study. Reliability Test The reliability test and validity of the questionnaire was established the pilot test by distributing 30 respondents. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was considered to examine the reliability level of each group of items included in the questionnaire. The test result of independent variable is consistent the requirement standard with Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient higher than 0.6 (Cronbach, 1951). The Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient result in a range between 0.733 and 0.899 which is greater than 0.6. Therefore, the questionnaire developed for this study is fully achieved the standard required for reliability test. The result is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Consistency of the scales test (N=30) Variables Number of items Cronbach’s Alpha Perceived ease of use (PEOU) 2 0.752 Social Influence (SI) 3 0.733 Computer self-efficacy (CSE) 2 0.789 Security (S) 3 0.842 Perceived financial cost (PFC) 3 0.748 Trust (T) 4 0.836 Behavioral Intention (BI) 4 0.899 How to cite Intension to Use Mobile Banking in Myanmar, Papers

Market Segments and Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Market Segments and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction This report is discussing the company Bega cheese major market segments such as primary and secondary segments. It also discusses the primary segment involvement in terms of decision-making in the company. It also identifies the primary and secondary market segments of the company like business customers and household customers. It briefly explains the nature of competition of Bega cheese in the market that includes Porters five forces. The various strength and weakness are also analyzed by the company. It also analyses the strength and weakness of the company as well as its competitor. This report also explains the positioning map of the company in the market. Introduction of Bega Cheese Bega Cheese is the Australian dairy company that is located in the town of Bega, New South Wales. It was founded in 1899 and headquarter is located in Bega Village. It produces products such as cheese, milk powder, butter and cream products. It was owned by the dairy suppliers and founded as the agricultural cooperative. Its major segments include core dairy ingredients like cheese, cream cheese, and the powdered milk. Bega cheese has the strong position in the Australian consumer goods market and it includes one-third share of the AU$550 million market is spread (Bega Cheese, 2016). Bega cheese is producing high quality of value-added products for the customers throughout the country Australia as well as fifty countries all over the world. Its mission statement is to Embracing the challenge, driving change, building for the future. The companys vision is to build pillars of people, customers, heritage, and community in order to become logo throughout Australian dairy industry (Bega Cheese, 2016). Bega cheese has a current trend that is strong growth as it has announced 9.9% that the profit is increased after tax. The revenue is $263.6m (A$366.8m) in 1H FY 2016 and it has EBITDA of $23.6m (A$32.9m). Its current trends also include its profitability of Bega cheese and it scores 4.00. PESTLE analysis Political: The government has imposed the corporate tax of Australia that is 30% which is not able by the company to register revenue from the trading of 250gm of cheese. If there is an imposition of the tax by the government in the context of the milk products then it lowers the production. Economic: The Company is also affected by the economical factor that is inflation rate in Australia is 1.7% that is in 2014 that decreased 2.3%. So, it is beneficial for the companies to increase the sale of the cheese. Hence, the price of the cheese remains unchanged by the company as the power of purchasing of the customers. Social: The country is also affected socially as today the people are more health conscious as the fatty food is avoided by most of the people. Therefore, the cheese of 250gm helps in reducing the fat as it contains 65% low fat that enhances the increasing sale of the cheese and helps in reaching the huge number of customers. Technology: The country is also affected technically as the advanced technology is used like food processing technology that is used to transform raw material into finished goods. Additionally, Bega cheese uses cheese processing machinery, industrial mixer grinder for the production of the company. Legal: The Australian companies are also affected legally by the consumer laws so that there can be a delivery of best cheese products in the country by different companies like Bega cheese. In order to acquire good health for the people, different laws like safety standard are applicable in the country before delivering it into the market. Environment: The country is also affected by the environmental factor for bringing sustainability in the environment. The 250 gram of organic packing is used by the Bega cheese so that it can be reused. It helps in attractive the environment. Examining the market segments of Bega cheese as well as identification of primary and secondary target market Market segmentation includes the market segment as the consumers are taken into consideration as homogeneous. It is identified by geographic, demographic as well as the buying behavior and psychographic that includes lifestyle, interests, and personality. The major market segment of Bega cheese is core dairy ingredients that include cream, cheese cream, and powdered milk. The Bega cheese target market consists of household customers and business customers. Business customers are included in the primary market. Household customers are included in the secondary market (Zolfani, et al., 2013). The Bega cheese market segment includes the manufacturing of natural cheese, processed cheese. Today, the market segment includes kid snacking segment. The primary target market includes the cluster of customers that the company is focused on. It mainly comprises the target customers that are targeted by the company. Many of the companies are unable to determine the primary target market because of inefficient marketing strategies. These can be identified through the needs of the customers, lifestyle factors, and demographics. The Bega cheese company includes business customers as the primary target market. Moreover, business customers include the restaurants in, which cheese is needed on the regular basis and it is required mostly in the fast food items. Primary buyers all over revenue is from their selling of the products or services and it comes from the primary target market. On the other hand, the secondary target market is the second essential customer segment but it does not include primary customer base. It includes buying at the rate higher that is a small market segment by which the buyers are influenced (Lei, and Moon, 2015). It is different from the primary target market. It includes primary future buyers. The secondary target market includes household customers as today most of the peoples, as well as young children, have their snacks or breakfast by applying cheese and in the families, it is required daily. Primary Segment involvement in Bega cheese in terms of decision making The primary target market includes the segment of the place in the market. The Bega cheese involves business customers as the primary segments. In the company decision making, is very important and the primary business customers make unique decisions in terms of requirement of information. It also includes the taken time in making the decision and the types of people involved in the buying of decisions. In the Bega cheese, the primary customers are involved in the decision making of the company as it can help in the identifying the quality of the product. The primary business customers also help the company in labeling and packaging of the product as for how it can be labeled. The business customers also involve in measuring the price of the dairy products so that all types of customers may purchase their product (Huang, and Sarigll, 2014). Decision making is important for the future as the needs of the customers are to be identified. The business consumers can advise the company to satisfy the customers by fulfilling their needs. The decision making involves both individuals as well as needs of the company (Wedel, and Kamakura, 2012). The primary business customers include expanding the brand of the business as it is included as the companys assets. The business customers promote the brand of the company so that it can attract many customers. The brand fit has become the major requirement of every company. The business customers are accountable for the judgments to the company towards their successful implementation of the product. For the decision making it requires careful attention that includes shapes and surroundings in the product. The business customers involvement is high in the decision making in the Bega cheese (Paul, and Rana, 2012). It includes communicating the message that uses to support the brand of the company. The high involvement is better for communicating as well as marketing by promoting the features of the brand. The business customers are the people who provide the information for the criteria of the buying process. The important consideration includes output, quantity, quality, the cost of production, as well as maintainability. It includes the theoretical concepts as explained below: Recognition of the problem: Firstly, the problem can be carried out by identifying the needs that what the customers want. If the business customers identify the needs of the customers by determining the demographic as it develops the needs or wants. It can be advertised to an ideal time. Determination of specification and quantity needed item: It includes the requirement by describing what is required for the company. It is essential for engaging the sales team in the buying process (Yoon, C., et al., 2012). Search and qualification of potential sources: The buyer possesses communication is the important process for the business (Solomon, et al., 2013). It is important for the decision maker that the suppliers should be in touch with the purchasing Acquisition and analysis of proposals: With the help of primary business customers it helps in the decision-making the process as the company that is qualified to the supply of the product are chosen. Evaluation of proposal and suppliers selection: The proposal of suppliers are evaluated for the criteria of choice in order to reach to the members of the decision-making Order routine selection: The payment details are important and the purchasing department conducts this responsibility. Feedback performance and evaluation: The feedback is given by the users in the department. Feedback from the user department is important in order to have the good feedback from the users. Competition of Bega Cheese The Bega cheese is an Australian dairy industry which is a medium attractive industry. It consists of various competitors in the market such as Kraft that is a food manufacturer that provide a variety of brands of its product. Fonterra is the other competitor of Bega cheese who also supplies cheese and deals in marketing and retailing. Its product cheese is the number one brand of Australia. The large customer circle is engaged in its company (Solomon, 2014). The main competitor of Bega cheese is Fonterra is a multinational dairy co-operative company and it produces cheese. It deals in retailing and marketing. The nature of competition includes Porters five forces of Bega cheese that are as follows: Supplier Power The supplier power of Bega cheese is low as there is the supply of cow milk is limited. It also includes local capacity in order to manufacture and store the milk dairy products (Spicka, 2013). Buyer power: The buyer power is high for purchasing the product as the people are conscious of their health. The product is purchased by the buyer in large volume in order to assure profit for the supplier. They have the contract with the large manufacturers. Potential entrants: The Bega cheese has a low to moderate potential entrants. The exchange rate is low and it is opened to the imported markets. The leaders become highly efficient by making new entrants. Substitute products: It is moderate as the substitute product price is lower and has a good quality (Collier, 2015). The other products of Bega cheese-like yogurt or soy are alleged as a healthy snack alternative. Rivalry among Competitors: The competition is high as due to the unique innovations the product is produced by the rivals at the lower cost. Bega Cheese has its various strength and weaknesses that allow competing with others in the market. Its strength is that it is cost effective and easily available in the market. Secondly, the strength is the sales network as well as the distribution of products to the different markets. The competitors are dynamic or merge with this industry. It is enabling to accommodate the risk. Its strength is that it can also manage the high production demand (Vecchiato, 2012). On the other hand, there are various weaknesses that include as the company is unable to create high production due to the climate instability. Its service delivery is slow as it takes too much of time in delivering 250 gm cheese in the market. Fonterra is the company that produces cheese and deals in marketing as well as retailing. It competes with Bega cheese. The company carries out manufacture, processing, and milk products distribution. It also has various strengths such as group scale that is a power of producing 30% global dairy product. It also has the flexibility and capability of producing different products at the dominating market (Fonterra, 2016). It is the main supplier at the Chinese market. It maintains the quality of the product and is responsible for the maintaining the customers trust. It produces high quality of products for the customers. Its another strength is that its non-stop development for improving the products quality. On the other hand, there is certain weakness such as negative publicity and highly competitive market. The other weakness is cost structure of the future as well as its market size. It also lacks strategic relationship. Its weakness is rising of the dairy prices (Fonterra, 2016). The Fonterra and Bega cheese can be compared as well as contrast with each other as the Bega concentrates on its strength of producing high quality of cheese for the families of Australia while Fonterra concentrates on its strength for marketing its dairy brand all over the world. The Bega cheese produces high quality of products while, Fonterra concentrates on brand that is expanded all over the world. Positioning Map for Bega Cheese Positioning is the essential element in every organization like Bega cheese as it helps in driving the targeting strategy. From the above positioning chart, it has been analyzed that the Bega cheese current position in respect of cheese is 500 g with 50% less fat in the customer's mind as it is healthy for their health. In comparison with the other competitors of Bega cheese, it is quite expensive. The decreasing price can make it repositioning of the product of Bega cheese as well as affordable for the customers. The above positioning map shows the Bega cheese and how it is repositioned (Muhamad, Melewar, and Faridah Syed Alwi, 2012). It is focused on the primary business customers as well as its competitors in the market. The family is the main influence by, which the market is affected. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the company Bega cheese has to expand its business for protecting itself in the risk of failure. It should design unique products in order to compete with its competitors like Fonterra, Murray Goulburn, and Kraft. The research in different markets should be carefully established in the new markets. It has been analyzed that the primary business customers have a high level of involvement in the industry. The company has high competitors so, to overcome them it has to produce unique products like low-fat cheese. It can be recommended to the company that it should produce an affordable product so that every kind of customer might purchase for their daily use. References Bega Cheese (2016) Bega Cheese. Retrieved from https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/company/29/Bega-Cheese-Ltd Collier, P.M. (2015). Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. USA: John Wiley Sons. Fonterra (2016) Weak Dairy Products Retrieved from https://www.nbr.co.nz/article/weak-dairy-prices-raise-doubts-about-fonterras-forecast-payout-b-184929 Huang, R. and Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. New York: Springer. Lei, N. and Moon, S.K. (2015). A Decision Support System for market-driven product positioning and design. Decision Support Systems, 69, 82-91. Muhamad, R., Melewar, T.C. and Faridah Syed Alwi, S. (2012). Segmentation and brand positioning for Islamic financial services. European Journal of Marketing, 46(7/8), 900-921. Paul, J. and Rana, J. (2012). Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food. Journal of consumer Marketing, 29(6), 412-422. Solomon, M.R. (2014). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being . UK: Prentice Hall. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J. (2013). Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. USA: Pearson. Spicka, J. (2013). The competitive environment in the dairy industry and its impact on the food industry. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 5(2), 89. Vecchiato, R. (2012). Environmental uncertainty, foresight and strategic decision making: An integrated study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(3), 436-447. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A. (2012). Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations .Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Yoon, C., Gonzalez, R., Bechara, A., Berns, G.S., Dagher, A.A., Dub, L., Huettel, S.A., Kable, J.W., Liberzon, I., Plassmann, H. and Smidts, A. (2012). Decision neuroscience and consumer decision making. Marketing Letters, 23(2), 473-485. Zolfani, S.H., Aghdaie, M.H., Derakhti, A., Zavadskas, E.K. and Varzandeh, M.H.M. (2013). Decision making on business issues with foresight perspective; an application of new hybrid MCDM model in shopping mall locating. Expert systems with applications

Novel On Feminism A Dolls House English Literature Essay Example

Novel On Feminism A Dolls House English Literature Paper In the nineteenth century, the society was patriarchal, dominated by work forces, and adult females were deprived of all rights. The society was constructed and conducted in a manner that adult females were wholly dependent on work forces in all cultural domains- familial, spiritual, political, economic, societal, legal and artistic. This is the background, in which Henrick Ibsen s drama A DOLL S HOUSE , is written. Ibsen was inspired to compose this drama by a existent incident that happened to his friend, Laura Petersen Kieler, a Norse journalist of whom he was really affectionate of. Ibsen created a female supporter, Nora, who, non merely forsakes her hubby and kids, but besides come out of traditional and conventional image of adult females, interruptions all the regulations and limitations of traditional and stiff society, which do nt let for the adult females s freedom and self-fulfillment. This type of drama was completly new at that clip and female supporter, Nora becomes t he symbol and forerunner of the construct of, New Women or Modern Women . This term paper will demo the state of affairs of adult females in the society. It will besides exemplify how A DOLL S HOUSE is a feminist drama, Ibsen s battle with Feminism and the outgrowth of New Women or Modern Women . Although, Feminism as a literary genre came in 1960s but we can follow its beginning with the publication of Mary Wallstonecraft s A Vindication of the Rigths of Women in 1792 AD. At that clip, it was in early stage and known as the Women s Rights Movement . This motion was for adult females s societal equality rights in that oppressive patriarchal society. The businessperson society was inhibitory and oppressive against anything which threatened its place of power. The political and religious autonomy were kept at the background and economic freedom became the motivational forcefor an person because in that businessperson society, it provided a place position and one time it was achieved, the jussive mood was to support it. Thus a bourgeois single becomes a guardian of his position and informer of his ain human values. Torvard Helmer, the male supporter of the drama, has accepted the premises of this type of society, unaware of the cost, he pays in human footings. We will write a custom essay sample on Novel On Feminism A Dolls House English Literature specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Novel On Feminism A Dolls House English Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Novel On Feminism A Dolls House English Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ibsen criticizes the businessperson society by making the characters, who sustain in the society and rebellion against it. The bourgeois household, the micro-society in position of bourgeois person was dethroned by these characters from the centre of the society. The position of an person in a household reflects the place and order in the hierarchial system of society. This is why Torvard wants his domination in the household and his security depends on experiencing superior. Ibsen saw that the businessperson society needed some content which is a revolution of human spirit and claimed that the motto of the Gallic Revolution ( 1789 ) Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity needed a reformulation. Every 1 has his ain portion in the building or devastation of the society. He writes- One neer stands wholly without portion of duty or guilt in bourgeois society to which one belongs ( 12,402 ) . Ibsen ever believed, the truth as single and subjective. That s why, he lets Nora travel out in the universe and recognize the ego reassess the constructs and values of society. One ca nt measure the society by life in the Centre of the societyrather 1 must dig deep into liminal and marginalized spheres of society. When one is in power, one ca nt frequently measure it right. Peoples at the borders at times better positioned to see the world. Like in the Howthorne s novel, The Scarlet Letter , when Hester Prynne is displaced to margin, she is able to measure the Puritan Society in a better manner. Norasays in the play- I must seek to detect who is right, me or society ( 283 ) . As the drama moves to its stopping point, Nora becomes freer and truer than earlier and this validates her way. Ibsen s dramas reveal the frailties and prevarications of the businessperson society. Although his dramas s scene is Norse but the positions and thoughts on the Vivtorian morality are so cosmopoli tan that they mirror the jobs and strivings of the whole universe. This businessperson society has jobs with the phenomena like industrialization, positivism, liberalism, secularisation and political polarisation and the similar. The people were going aware of their rights and claim for them. In the drama, Ibsen has depicted two sorts of adult females. On the one manus, Nora, who is determind to stand up as proud and independent person, on the other manus self-secrificing Mrs Christine Linde, who finds life s significance in the service of others. These characters evaluate the inner-self and personal lives and this rating of interior lives becomes the reappraisal of the society, which has kept them under oppressive regulations and limitations. And therefore, Ibsen chooses the adult females characters to take the battle of the revolution of human liquors under the streamer of truth and freedom. There are many scenes in the drama, which are anticipated by the other Feminist authors. Nora accuses on her male parent and her hubby of handling her like a doll. A playfellow. She could non acquire the existent experience of life and so she ca nt make anything in her life. It is similar to Wollstonecraft s charges against work forces in her book called, A Vindication of the Rights of Women ( 1792 ) that adult females are brought up to be delighting At the disbursal of every solid virtuousness as if they were gentlel domestic beasts . Her description of herself that she has been treated like a doll -wife, making fast ones is an appropriate illustration of Margret Fuller s charge that adult male wants no married woman but a miss to play ball with . She realizes that she can non make anything in her life while populating with Torvard and declares that she will travel out entirely because I must educate myselfaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . It s something I must make by myself , she is demoing that there is a demand for adult females s emancipation from the nineteenth century restrictive society. Stating Torvard that she does nt cognize how to be a married woman is evocative of Harriet Martineau in On Female Education , where Harriet Martineau argues the demand for sing adult females as comrade to work forces alternatively of playing things or retainers . When Nora realizes that the responsibilities to self is higher than that of a married woman and female parent, she is repeating the basic construct of Feminism stated in Wallstonecraft s A Vindication of the Rights of Women that adult females are no less than work forces possess a moral and rational nature have non merely a right but responsibility to develop it: the expansive terminal of their effort should be to blossom their ain modules . The subject of A Doll s House is the subjugation of adult females by work forces. Nora is deprieved of all things which she should acquire. She could nt acquire much exposure at the male parent s place. At Torvard s place, she is manipulated by Torvard. She has to make what was told to make. She suppresses her ain desires in carry throughing the wants of first, her male parent, and so her hubby. Nora says I could neer move against your wants . The relationship the hubby and married woman is non based on company. Torvard sees himself as the prototype of the traditional nineteenth century hubby who has complete right over his married woman. In the counterfeit incident, Nora neither sees forgery as shame nor to slander Torvard but she does it for love. Torvard, who has the pride of being adult male, considers owing anything to anybody as humiliating and painful even to his ain married woman he does nt see her as his equal. She has semblances that her matrimonial life is happy but she has to confront the world. For this, she decides to interrupt the semblances and travel to the universe of truth and world, and to recognize herself and her values.Ibsen in his missive dated 3 January 1880, remarks on the state of affairs The minute, she leaves her place, is the momenther life to beginaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ In the drama, there is large grown up kid, Nora, who has to travel out into the life to detect herself . Nora s development can be seen as she is forced to give up the hope of miracle that her hubby will take the resposibility for her every action but Torvard is the slave of society, incapable of interrupting the conventions. When Nora finds that, there is no manner for miracle to go on now, she decides to be true to herself. She stands against the traditional and conventional image of adult females and becomes one of the Ibsen s most liberated characters. Nora s going of a liberated is non nonsubjective but subjective. She becomes her ain, able to take her decesions independently. the other female character, Mrs Linde opposes by non being the representative of early minutes of Feminism, but through a wise and loving bosom. Mrs linde experiences the miracle which Nora dreamed. When she becomes ready to give up the troublesome life and marry Krogstag, she experiences the miracle , the sense of fulfilment. She says- How different to work for, to populate for, for a place to construct . On the other manus, Nora sees her sense of fulfilment when she leaves her hubby, kids and place and being self-dependent. Ibsen s battle with Feminism can be viewed from the address for the workmans in Trondheimin1885, he was really much concerned with future province of workers and adult females in the altering societal status of Europe. He said that he is really chiefly concerned with human being in general. In his address, he made at a bonquet given in his honor by the NorwegianWomen s Rights League on 26 May 1898, he said- I am non a member of Women s Rights LeagueaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ I have been more a poet and less a societal philosopheraˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . I am non even clear as to merely what this adult females s rights motion truly is. To me it has seemed a job of humanity in general. He was right in stating that he is concerned with whole humanity because adult females are besides foremost and foremost human existences. In A Doll s House , Nora says- I am foremost and foremost a human being. He besides advocated for the enlisting of adult females as librarian, the right to vote and supported the request of separate belongings right for married adult females. He was besides in contact with three powerful female personalities- Suzannah Thoresen, his married woman, Magdaline thoresen, his married woman s stepmother and Comilla Collect, the first important womens rightist personal property.

The English Language as Spoken in Pakistan

The English Language as Spoken in Pakistan In the country of Pakistan, English is a co-official language with Urdu. Linguist Tom McArthur reports that English is used as a second language by a national minority of c.3 million in a population of c.133 million (The Oxford Guide to World English, 2002). The slang term Pinglish is sometimes used as an informal (and often unflattering) synonym for Pakistani English. Examples and Observations: English in PakistanPakistani Englishshares the broad characteristics of South Asian English in general and is similar to that spoken in contiguous regions of northern India. As in many former British colonies, English first enjoyed the status of an official language alongside Urdu after independence in 1947...The grammatical features . . . [of] Indian English are largely shared by Pakistani English. Interference stemming from background languages is common and switching between these languages and English occurs frequently on all levels of society.Vocabulary. As might be expected, loans from the various indigenous languages of Pakistan are to be found in local forms of English, e.g. atta flour, ziarat religious place....There are also word formations consisting of hybrids and blends with inflectional elements from English and stems from regional languages, e.g. goondaism hooliganism, thuggish behaviour, biradarism favouring ones clan.Still further word-formation processes are atteste d in Pakistani English with outcomes which are not necessarily known outside this country. Back-formation: to scrute from scrutiny; blends: telemoot from television and moot meeting; conversion: to aircraft, to arson, to change sheet; compounds: to airdash depart quickly by air, to head-carry.(Raymond Hickey, South Asian Englishes. Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects, ed. by Raymond Hickey. Cambridge University Press, 2004) SubvarietiesLinguists generally describe the three or four subvarieties [of Pakistani English] in terms of proximity to the British Standard: the samples most distant from itand any other varietyare often regarded as genuinely Pakistani. American English, which has gradually infiltrated the spoken and written idiom, is discounted in most studies.(Alamgir Hashmi, Language [Pakistan]. Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English, 2nd ed., edited by Eugene Benson and L.W. Conolly. Routledge, 2005)The Importance of English in PakistanEnglish is . . . an important medium in a number of key educational institutions, is the main language of technology and international business, has a major presence in the media, and is a key means of communication among a national elite. The constitution and the laws of the land are codified in English.(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford University Press, 2002)English and Urdu in PakistanIn some ways, I have a lover’s qu arrel with the English language. I live with it and I cherish this relationship. But there is often this feeling that in preserving this bond, I have betrayed my first love and my childhood’s passionUrdu. And it is not possible to be equally faithful to both of them. . . .A bit subversive it may be deemed but my contention [is] that English is . . . a barrier to our progress because it reinforces class division and undermines the main purpose of education as an equaliser. In fact, the domination of English in our society may also have contributed to the growth of religious militancy in the country. Whether English should be our official language, in spite of its value as a means of communication with the rest of the world, is surely a major issue . . ..At the heart of all this discussion, of course, is education in all its dimensions. The rulers, supposedly, are very serious about it. Their challenge is to realise the slogan of ‘education for all.’ But, as the â €˜policy dialogue’ would suggest, it should not just be education for all but quality education for all so that we can truly be liberated. Where do English and Urdu belong in this venture?(Ghazi Salahuddin, Between Two Languages. The International News, March 30, 2014) Code Switching: English and Urdu[T]he use of English words in Urducode switching for linguistsis not an indication of not knowing the two languages. If anything, it may be an indication of knowing both languages. First, one switches code for many reasons, not just lack of control of languages. Indeed, code switching has always been going on whenever two or more languages have come in contact. . .People who do research on code switching point out that people do it to emphasize certain aspects of identity; to show informality; to show easy command of several languages and to impress and dominate others. Depending on the situation, one can be humble, friendly, arrogant or snobbish through the way one mixes languages. Of course, it is also true that one may know so little English that one cannot manage to sustain a conversation in it and has to fall back upon Urdu. That might well be the case but that is not the only reason for code switching. And if someone does not know English and fal ls back upon Urdu, then he or she knows Urdu best. It is still untrue to argue that this person does not know any language. Not knowing literary Urdu is one thing; not knowing the spoken language quite another.(Dr. Tariq Rahman, Mixing Languages. The Express Tribune, March 30, 2014) Pronunciation in Pinglish[S]oftware designer Adil Najam . . . took time to define Pinglish, which according to him, emerges when English words are mixed with words of a Pakistani languageusually, but not solely, Urdu.Pinglish is not just getting the construction of the sentences wrong, but also about pronunciation.Many Pakistanis often have trouble when two consonants appear together without a vowel in between. The word school is often mispronounced as either sakool or iskool, depending on whether your native tongue is Punjabi or Urdu, pointed out blogger Riaz Haq.Commonplace words such as automatic is aatucmatuc in Pinglish, while genuine is geniean and current is krunt. Some words also take a plural form such as roadien for roads, exceptionein for exception and classein for classes.(Get Set for Pakistani English or ‘Pinglish. The Indian Express, July 15, 2008)

The Historic Fight over the Mountain of Light

The Historic Fight over the Mountain of Light Its only a hard lump of carbon, after all, yet the Koh-i-Noor diamond exerts a magnetic pull on those who behold it. Once the largest diamond in the world, it has passed from one famous ruling family to another as the tides of war and fortune have turned one way and another over the past 800 or more years. Today, it is held by the British, a spoil of their colonial wars, but the descendant states of all its previous owners claim this controversial stone as their own. Origins of the Koh i Noor Indian legend holds that the Koh-i-Noors history stretches back an incredible 5,000 years, and that the gem has been part of royal hoards since around the year 3,000 BCE.   It seems more likely, however, that these legends conflate various royal gems from different millennia, and that the Koh-i-Noor itself was probably discovered in the 1200s CE. Most scholars believe that the Koh-i-Noor was discovered during the reign of the Kakatiya Dynasty in the Deccan Plateau of southern India (1163 - 1323).   A precursor to the Vijayanagara Empire, Kakatiya ruled over much of present-day Andhra Pradesh, site of the Kollur Mine.   It was from this mine that the Koh-i-Noor, or Mountain of Light, likely came.    In 1310, the Khilji Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Kakatiya kingdom, and demanded various items as tribute payments.   Kakatiyas doomed ruler Prataparudra was forced to send tribute north, including 100 elephants, 20,000 horses - and the Koh-i-Noor diamond.   Thus, the Kakatiya lost their most stunning jewel after less than 100 years of ownership, in all likelihood, and their entire kingdom would fall just 13 years later. The Khilji family did not enjoy this particular spoil of war for long, however.   In 1320, they were overthrown by the Tughluq clan, the third of five families that would rule the Delhi Sultanate. Each of the succeeding Delhi Sultanate clans would possess the Koh-i-Noor, but none of them held power for long. This account of the stones origins and early history is the most widely accepted today, but there are other theories as well. The Mughal emperor Babur, for one, states in his memoir, the  Baburnama,  that during the 13th century the stone was the property of the Raja of Gwalior, who ruled a district of Madhya Pradesh in central India.   To this day, we are not entirely certain if the stone came from Andhra Pradesh, from Madhya Pradesh, or from Andhra Pradesh via Madhya Pradesh. The Diamond of Babur A prince from a Turco-Mongol family in what is now Uzbekistan, Babur defeated the Delhi Sultanate and conquered northern India in 1526.   He founded the great Mughal Dynasty, which ruled northern India until 1857.   Along with the Delhi Sultanates lands, the magnificent diamond passed to him, and he modestly named it the Diamond of Babur.   His family would keep the gem for just over two hundred rather tumultuous years. The fifth Mughal emperor was Shah Jahan, justly famous for ordering the construction of the Taj Mahal.   Shah Jahan also had an elaborate jeweled gold throne built, called the Peacock Throne. Crusted with countless diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and pearls, the throne contained a significant portion of the Mughal Empires fabulous wealth.   Two golden peacocks adorned the throne; one peacocks eye was the Koh-i-Noor or Diamond of Babur; the other was the Akbar Shah Diamond. Shah Jahans son and successor, Aurangzeb (reigned 1661-1707), was persuaded during his reign to allow a Venetian carver called Hortenso Borgia to cut the Diamond of Babur.   Borgia made a complete hash of the job, reducing what had been the worlds largest diamond from 793 carats to 186 carats. The finished product was quite irregular in shape and did not shine to anything like its full potential.   Furious, Aurangzeb fined the Venetian 10,000 rupees for spoiling the stone. Aurangzeb was the last of the Great Mughals; his successors were lesser men, and Mughal power began its slow fade. One weak emperor after another sit on the Peacock Throne for a month or a year before being assassinated or deposed. Mughal India and all of its wealth were vulnerable, including the Diamond of Babur, a tempting target for neighboring nations. Persia Takes the Diamond In 1739, the Shah of Persia, Nader Shah, invaded India and won a great victory over Mughal forces at the Battle of Karnal. He and his army then sacked Delhi, raiding the treasury and stealing the Peacock Throne.   Its not entirely clear where the Diamond of Babur was at the time, but it may have been in the Badshahi Mosque, where Aurangzeb had deposited it after Borgia cut it. When the Shah saw the Diamond of Babur, he is supposed to have cried out, Koh-i-Noor! or Mountain of Light!, giving the stone its current name.   In all, the Persians seized plunder estimated at the equivalent of 18.4 billions dollars US in todays money from India.   Of all the loot, Nader Shah seems to have loved the Koh-i-Noor the most. Afghanistan Gets the Diamond Like others before him, though, the Shah did not get to enjoy his diamond for long.   He was assassinated in 1747, and the Koh-i-Noor passed to one of his generals, Ahmad Shah Durrani.   The general would go on to conquer Afghanistan later that same year, founding the Durrani Dynasty and ruling as its first emir. Zaman Shah Durrani, the third Durrani king, was overthrown and imprisoned in 1801 by his younger brother, Shah Shuja.   Shah Shuja was infuriated when he inspected his brothers treasury, and realized that the Durranis most prized possession, the Koh-i-Noor, was missing.   Zaman had taken the stone to prison with him, and hollowed out a hiding place for it in the wall of his cell.   Shah Shuja offered him his freedom in return for the stone, and Zaman Shah took the deal. This magnificent stone first came to British attention in 1808, when Mountstuart Elphinstone visited the court of Shah Shujah Durrani in Peshawar.   The British were in Afghanistan to negotiate an alliance against Russia, as part of the Great Game.   Shah Shujah wore the Koh-i-Noor embedded in a bracelet during the negotiations, and Sir Herbert Edwardes noted that, It seemed as if the Koh-i-noor carried with it the sovereignty of Hindostan, because whichever family that possessed it so often prevailed in battle. I would argue that in fact, causation flowed in the opposite direction - whoever was winning the most battles usually nabbed the diamond.   It would not be long before yet another ruler would take the Koh-i-Noor for his own. The Sikhs Grab the Diamond In 1809, Shah Shujah Durrani got overthrown in turn by another brother, Mahmud Shah Durrani.   Shah Shujah had to flee into exile in India, but he managed to escape with the Koh-i-Noor.   He ended up a prisoner of the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, known as the Lion of the Punjab.   Singh ruled from the city of Lahore, in what is now Pakistan. Ranjit Singh soon learned that his royal prisoner had the diamond. Shah Shujah was stubborn, and did not want to relinquish his treasure.   However, by 1814, he felt that the time was ripe for him to escape from the Sikh kingdom, raise an army, and try to retake the Afghan throne.   He agreed to give Ranjit Singh the Koh-i-Noor in return for his freedom. Britain Seizes the Mountain of Light After Ranjit Singhs death in 1839, the Koh-i-Noor was passed from one person to another in his family for about a decade. It ended up as the property of the child king Maharaja Dulip Singh.   In 1849, the British East India Company prevailed in the Second Angol-Sikh War and seized control of the Punjab from the young king, handing all political power to the British Resident.    In the Last Treaty of Lahore (1849), it specifies that the Koh-i-Noor Diamond is to be presented to Queen Victoria, not as a gift from the East India Company, but as a spoil of war.   The British also took 13-year-old Dulip Singh to Britain, where he was raised as a ward of Queen Victoria.   He reportedly once asked to have the diamond returned, but received no answer from the Queen. The Koh-i-Noor was a star attraction of Londons Great Exhibition in 1851.   Despite the fact that its display case prevented any light from striking its facets, so it essentially looked like a lump of dull glass, thousands of people waited patiently for a chance to gaze at the diamond each day.   The stone received such poor reviews that Prince Albert, Queen Victorias husband, decided to have it recut in 1852.    The British government appointed Dutch master diamond-cutter, Levie Benjamin Voorzanger, to recut the famous stone.   Once again, the cutter drastically reduced the size of the stone, this time from 186 carats to 105.6 carats.   Voorzanger had not planned to cut away so much of the diamond, but discovered flaws that needed to be excised in order to achieve maximum sparkle.    Prior to Victorias death, the diamond was her personal property; after her lifetime, it became part of the Crown Jewels.   Victoria wore it in a brooch, but later queens wore it as the front piece of their crowns.   The British superstitiously believed that the Koh-i-Noor brought bad fortune to any male who possessed it (given its history), so only female royals have worn it.   It was set into the coronation crown of Queen Alexandra in 1902, then was moved into Queen Marys crown in 1911.   In 1937, it was added to the coronation crown of Elizabeth, the mother of the current monarch, Queen Elizabeth II.   It remains in the Queen Mothers crown to this day, and was on display during her funeral in 2002. Modern-Day Ownership Dispute Today, the Koh-i-Noor diamond is still a spoil of Britains colonial wars.   It rests in the Tower of London along with the other Crown Jewels.    As soon as India gained its independence in 1947, the new government made its first request for the return of the Koh-i-Noor. It renewed its request in 1953, when Queen Elizabeth II was crowned. Indias parliament once again asked for the gem in 2000. Britain has refused to consider Indias claims. In 1976, Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto asked that Britain return the diamond to Pakistan, since it had been taken from the Maharaja of Lahore.   This prompted Iran to assert its own claim.   In 2000, Afghanistans Taliban regime noted that the gem had come from Afghanistan to British India, and asked to have it returned to them instead of Iran, India, or Pakistan. Britain responds that because so many other nations have claimed the Koh-i-Noor, none of them have a better claim to it than Britains.   However, it seems pretty clear to me that the stone originated in India, spent most of its history in India, and really should belong to that nation.

Techniques available for Resource allocation and aggregation in Essay

Techniques available for Resource allocation and aggregation in Construction Project Management - Essay Example Resource management is more important in construction Management because common resources are utilized for different projects and it is essential that Project Scheduling be done keeping the resources availability into consideration. The project planning should be resource oriented scheduled. When we talk about resources for construction industry we will confine ourselves with human resources, financial resources and machinery and equipments. It is a common phenomenon that all projects suffer from resource constraint, abundant resources are not available at the disposal of the managers, nor is it desirable. The management skill lies with the optimum utilization of resources and that is possible only in case of resource constraints. Take example for an organization where simultaneously multiple projects are into operation, the available manpower, Machinery and Equipment needs to be properly deployed and needs to be planned along with the project plan so that same machineries can be used in all the projects. Skilled manpower also can be shared by the projects by simply proper planning of the projects. The activities of each of the projects needs to be scheduled in such a way that deployment of the skilled manpower and machinery is synchronized. The project scheduling exercise should include the resource scheduling also. Here we will first discuss the process of decision-making followed by the techniques available for resource allocation and aggregatio

Managerial Escalator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Escalator - Essay Example In order for them to be successful, they need to position the priorities of the business before their private priorities. If the managers put the interest of the business after their interests, they may end up not becoming successful in their management; this is because their personal interest may not be in line with the interests of the organization. The different causes of poor management have also been identified. There are a number of factors that may lead to a manager not being successful such as having managerial concept that are not good enough. Managers need to have well researched strategies in order for them to be successful. The models used by the authors in explaining this points is through breaking down the broad topic of management into less detailed sub topics. They explore these subtopics into details in order to explain management in detail. The authors have different point of views about management. They begin by defining management as the art of making things get done through the use of other people or a way of achieving some results through other people. Some people view management as a cycle involving identification of different objectives, setting of targets, making plans, resource organization, good communication regarding information, motivation of workers, getting feedback, control and taking actions. Some researches were done by separate people who do not agree with this. This is because it was noted that managers make decisions abruptly according to the situation at hand. They mostly do not take time to strategize their decisions (David, 2001). Individuals turn into managers through a given process. The organizational structure is defined in a way that the majority of the staffs are often engaged in given activities and the managers usually oversee some specialized activities. Most of the managers have some giv en specialized backgrounds. During the early stages of their careers, they were at some lower levels in different departments. They may have learned some skills through training, experience or through the combination of both. Most of the managers in top positions have passed through these stages. They begin as normal workers and improve on their skills. As they improve and gain more experience, they are promoted through the different ranks until they get to the managerial position. There are a number of responsibilities accounted to managers. They play the role of planning and allocating of work. Managers plan what is to be done in an organization. They give different employees specific works to be done or allocate them into different areas of work according to the plan. They identify what is of priority to the organization so that they may be given attention first. They review and establish different working methods and ensure that they control all the activities in an

The Impossibility in the Quest for Adventure Essay Example for Free

The Impossibility in the Quest for Adventure Essay Growing up in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, James Joyce experienced the hardships plaguing Irish society first-hand. Born just forty years after the Great Famine, he frequently heard about the mass suffering that killed over a million of the Irish people. This suffering continued even decades later as his family lived in dire poverty and constant struggle. To escape such harsh and stifling conditions, Joyce spent much of his youth wandering the streets of Dublin. As a result, many of his struggles and realizations mirror the struggles and realizations of the characters in his short stories. In Eveline and A Little Cloud, Joyce emphasizes the futility he found in the quest for adventure in order to escape reality. In his short story Eveline, Joyce illustrates the impossibility of escaping from the harsh realities of a difficult home situation and an abusive father. Joyce describes how even though Eveline was nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her fathers violence(33). However, not only is she physically in danger but she is also emotionally suffocated by her difficult and restricted life. For example, she has to give all of her wages to her father, keep the house together, and watch over her two younger siblings. This suffocation exists throughout the story, through the image of the dusty cretonne. Joyce describes how Eveline would [lean] her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odor of the dusty cretonne(35). Symbolically, Eveline is suffocated by her feelings of nostalgia and obligation to stay home and fulfill her domestic duties. She thinks about running off with her lover Frank to Buenos Ayres to escape this stifled environment and make her happier and more fulfilled. At the same time, however, she constantly struggles with the idea of leaving home. Joyce emphasizes the impossibility of escape throughout the story as Eveline [weighs] each side of the questions(32). She notes that on one hand, leaving home would mean she would leave the people she had known her whole life and would also prevent her fulfilling the promise she had made to her dead mother to stay. She also worried about what people would say if she ran away with Frank. However, only a few sentences later, she expresses her desire to travel to a distant unknown country where she would be married and where people would treat her with respect(33). Evelines conflict climaxes at the end of the story when she cant bring herself to board the ship to Buenos Ayres with Frank. Joyce describes how all the seas of the world tumbled about her heart and how Frank would drown her(36). Just as the dusty cretonne of her home situation is suffocating, Evelines quest for adventure and escape from that situation make her feel as if she is drowning. In both cases she emblematically cannot breathe. In the end, her nostalgia, promise to her mother, and her fear of the unknown that prevent her from fulfilling her quest for adventure and relieving her from her everyday struggles. Little Chandler in Joyces short story A Little Cloud has a similar epiphany. He too is lured to the quest for adventure but eventually realizes the futility in his pursuit. His desire to escape from the ordinariness of his life is first seen when he meets with his old friend Ignatius Gallaher who has traveled the world and become a successful journalist. As Gallaher talks about his experiences, Little Chandler reflects on what stood in his way of becoming what he wanted to be in life-a poet. He comments that he was sure that he could do something better than his friend had ever done, or could ever do yet he questions what stood in his way. After he returns home he thinks more about Gallehers adventures and compares them to what he sees as his dull existence. For example, as he looks at a picture of his wife he notes that the composure of [her] eyes irritated and repelled him. He also notices that they had no passion, especially when compared to the rich Jewesses that Gallaher had described so vividly. Little Chandler noted how their dark, oriental eyes were so full of passion and asked himself why had he married the eyes in the photograph?(81). At this point, Little Chandlers desire for adventure is seen most clearly. He asks himself could he not escape from his little house? Was it too late for him to try to live bravely like Gallaher?(81). As he holds his child in his arms his question is answered; he realizes that his quest is hopeless. As the child cries, the poems that Little Chandler had been reading become less and less auditable. The poems, written by a romantic Irish poet, seem to represent the possibility for Little Chandler to escape. As the childs cries take over the poetry, reality also takes over the possibility of adventure and escape for Little Chandler. He now realizes that he is in fact a prisoner for life(82).

How computer viruses work :: essays research papers

How computer viruses work Computer viruses are not understood very well, but they get your attention. Viruses show us how vulnerable we are, but they also show how open and worldly human beings have become. Microsoft and other large companies had to shut down all their e-mail systems when the â€Å"Melissa† virus became a worldwide event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A computer virus is passed on from one computer to another computer. A virus must ride on top of some other program to document in order to perform an instruction. After it is running, it can then infect other programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viruses were first seen in the late 1980s; the first factor was the spread of personal computers. Before the 1980’s home computers were non-existent or they were used for toys, and the real computers were very rare and they were locked away to only be used by the â€Å"experts.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second factor was the se of the â€Å"bulletin boards†; any one could get to a bulletin board if they had a modem and download programs. Bulletin boards led to the precursor of the virus known as the Trojan Horse. It is a program that sounds really cool when you read it, so then people download it, and when people run the program, however, it does something uncool like erasing your disk, so people think that they are getting something neat, but it wipes out their system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third factor to viruses is the floppy disk. Programs were small and they could fit the operating system, or a word processor onto the floppy disk, and then turn on the machine and it would load the operating system and everything else off the disk. Viruses took advantage of these three facts to create the first self-replicating programs!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early viruses were pieces of code attached to programs like games or word processors. People could download an infected game from a bulletin board and run it, and a virus like this is a small piece of code embedded in a larger, legitimate program. The virus loads its self to memory and looks around to see if it can find any programs on the hard disk. When it finds one it modifies it to the virus’s code to the program. Then the virus launches the â€Å"real program,† and the user has no way of knowing that it is infected. The next time this program is executed, they infect other programs, and the cycle continues.

International Diversification

Introduction Diversification is a method of investing that been shown to increase portfolio return while reducing portfolio risk as measured by standard deviation. This method specifically increases the efficient frontier for investors. The challenge to an investing firm is an appetite by its customers for an ever increasing efficient frontier. One area to explore to obtain this increase is through further diversifying through international diversification. International portfolio diversification gives your investments a passport to added diversification benefits. The international boundaries to investing have collapsed. Fairly recently, foreign securities have become easier to trade due to improved communications and data technology. Worldwide investors have been realizing that there are substantial gains to be made by investing internationally. International portfolio diversification is portfolio investing in other nations whose economic cycles are not perfectly in phase, in an attempt to reduce risk, measured by portfolio standard deviation. The success of international portfolio diversification depends on low correlations of returns between countries. Investing in a country with an economic cycle that closely matches or exactly matches the economic cycle in the investor’s home country will offer little or no diversification benefits. What is meant by a diversification benefit is a reduction of portfolio risk when an asset is added to a portfolio. The same principles that go along with domestic portfolio diversification can be applied worldwide. Opening the gates of an investor’s portfolio to the world offers the investor several advantages. The benefits include: a world focus; broad diversification; and low correlations. These advantages will lead the investor to have greater success in achieving his financial goals. By investing internationally, an investor will realize that he now has a world focus. More than half of the world’s stock market capitalization is in non-US companies. By only having a domestic focus, an investor loses sight of the investment opportunities that can be realized overseas. International investment also brings a broader range of investments for diversification. By increasing the number of assets available to invest in, international diversification can lessen risks and produce more stable returns. New assets available to invest in could range from a foreign company’s stock to a foreign country’s currency. The potential for a diversification benefit exists in all foreign investments. This potential should not be ignored. {draw:frame} The potential is even greater due to the low correlations that can be found internationally. Returns from different national markets have relatively lower correlation than the domestic market. The lower these correlations are, the greater the diversification benefit will be. The reason that international diversification is beneficial is that individual markets have unsystematic risk. This unsystematic risk can be diversified away by adding international assets. This risk is due to risk that results from uncontrollable or random events that are country specific. According to Solnik, 1974, internationally diversified portfolios can have as little as 11. 7% of the risk of individual securities. The underlying reason for added risk reduction from international diversification is that world markets fluctuate differently than our own. Other nations’ economic cycles are not always in phase. This translates to low correlations which can reduce variability in portfolio returns. The different fluctuations can be caused by various factors. These factors include differences in: monetary policies; fiscal policies; industrialization; technology; laws; economic shocks; and other factors. {draw:frame} International diversification pushes out the efficient frontier. Risk is reduced for any given level of return, and return is enhanced for any given level of risk. An internationally diversified portfolio (represented by line 1,) has clear advantages compared to a domestically diversified portfolio (represented by line 2. ) Point B has the same return as Point A but has less risk. Point C has the same risk as Point A but more return. Also, a point between B and C would have less risk and more return than Point A. Investing in emerging markets offer tempting advantages to investors. The volatile economies of countries considered to be in this category have a potential for extraordinary returns. A caveat to investors considering opportunities in emerging markets are the presence of unstable governments, the chance of nationalization, poor property rights protection, and large swings in prices. Emerging markets are far from a sure thing. But, despite high individual risk, emerging markets can reduce portfolio risk. The volatile economies of these countries have such low correlations compared to the domestic market that they actually provide the greatest degree of diversification. Despite the strong argument for international diversification, there are some grounds to consider when investing. There are barriers to investing internationally. These include legal difficulties, lack of information, stringent tax regulations, and high transaction costs. These costs can reduce returns and must be considered when figuring returns. As mentioned before, these barriers are diminishing. When investing internationally there are risks beyond the risk of individual securities or portfolios. There is liquidity risk, because it is often not as easy to sell international securities. There is also exchange risk when transferring the funds from international assets back to the home currency. This risk can be hedged through the use of currency futures contracts, but hedging increases transaction costs. Some investors actually prefer exchange risk because of the possibility of increased returns. Some investors simply do not invest internationally because they have a degree of home bias. Investors in this category usually do not invest internationally because they are unfamiliar with international markets. They prefer domestic investing because they are familiar with the domestic market. Some investors in this category simply do not invest internationally because they do not want to support markets outside of the US. Despite the meager reasons for a home bias, there is a strong home bias among US investors. The organization, In the Money Investments (IMI), is a partnership formed by two financial professionals in the state of RI. The company packages financial products together for its clients and charges various fees for the service which includes execution and account maintenance. The company services clients of all ages and incomes but primarily serves clients age 35-65 with greater than $100,000 in annual earnings and $300,000 of net worth who are seeking various investment goals including retirement, college savings, and wealth maximization. The company competes directly with other local investment firms as well as with the national firms such as Fidelity, Charles Schwab and others. The company has offices in both Newport and Providence and employs 46 employees. The company has $500 million under management and annual net income of just over $1 million. The company’s primary strategic advantage is the level of trust that it has with its clients. This trust creates solid referrals, allows for a better working, long-term relationship. Its customers are not the type to â€Å"jump ship† after a single bad year. An increased investment product offering by IMI, specifically through adding internationally diversified investment products, is being investigated to see whether or not its loyal customers will adopt the products. This increased product offering could lead to more satisfied investors which will increase word of mouth and lead to increased new customers. This will also lead to an increased investment level by investors as they see greater return for their levels of risk in their investment. The partners have requested a study to investigate the likelihood of its existing customer base adopting the internationally diversified products. They are worried about the customers adopting something that may be foreign to them as well as an investor home bias. Research Questions The research questions posed for empirical investigation are: Does investor satisfaction affect their willingness to invest internationally? Does investor investment aptitude affect their willingness to invest internationally? Research Problem In the Money Investments needs to know whether or not their existing client base will purchase a new internationally diversified product. Specifically we are looking at investor’s satisfaction with In the Money and the level of the investor’s investment aptitude in determining whether or not the investor would purchase an internationally diversified product. The existing client base needs to be researched to see if they have these attributes that are being investigated and whether or not they will be likely to purchase the internationally diversified product. Hypotheses There are two hypotheses being examined in this study. They are as follows: H1: Advanced investors will be more likely to purchase an internationally diversified product. H2: Investors that have been satisfied in the past will be more likely to purchase an internationally diversified product. Variables Variables examined for this study are as follows: Independent Variable 1: Investor Ability Independent Variable 2: Investor Satisfaction Dependant Variable: Inclination to purchase an internationally diversified investment. Theoretical Framework: {draw:g} {draw:g} Operational Definition {draw:frame} {draw:frame} The likelihood of an investor to purchase a company’s internationally diversified product is important for an investment firm to know before making a product offering. In this case, In the Money Investments has to take some consideration of the dimensions of the investment world that can affect that likelihood. The dimensions of the investment world that very well may be affecting that likelihood are: 1. Investor Satisfaction; 2. Investor Status; 3. Investor Demographics; 4. Current Macroeconomic Factors Investor satisfaction can be determined by the image the investment firm portrays to the investor, the relationship the investor holds with the firm, the previous experiences in levels of returns and volatility the investor has in their portfolio. If an investor is satisfied with each of the listed elements, we can then measure the correlation between satisfied investors and their purchasing decisions for an internationally diversified product. Investor status is a dimension that varies based on experience, education, level of wealth, and risk tolerance. These elements create a background or resume for an investor. Each of these elements can be combined to form a numeric representation of an investor’s investment ability. Using this numeric value, a status of the investor can be measured against their willingness to accept an international investment into their portfolio. Investor demographics is a dimension which can show patterns of acceptance among demographic groups. Investors from certain countries or with certain birthplaces may be more or less likely to purchases internationally diversified products. Also, investors of different sex or age may be more or less likely to purchases Lastly, current macroeconomic factors ia a dimension which may affect an investor’s willingness to purchase an internationally diversified product. A poor market and recent terrorist attacks are example of this. Justification of the Problem In the Money Investments needs to know whether or not their efforts to include an internationally diversified product offering will be beneficial o their business. If the firm offers a product and it does not sell, the firm will lose money involved in presenting the product offering as well as in soft costs from time spent by members of the firm in investigating the offering. The firm is interested in offering the internationally diversified products because their customers desire more returns in their portfolios without incr easing their current levels of portfolio risk. In order to increase market share and retain their current customers, they are looking to this avenue as a way to remain competitive. Significance of the study This study would show the firm whether or not they should provide the product offering. It will allow them to investigate their client base’s determinants of their purchasing decision of internationally diversified investment products. Successful measurement of the client base’s determinants of their purchasing decision will allow In the Money Investments to forecast their sales and then perform profitability analysis on the new product offering Summary In the Money Investments is seeking to maintain market share and satisfy their customers’ increasing appetites for returns without being exposed to any additional risk. Previous research has shown that international diversification is a way that this can be achieved. However, In the Money Investments needs to know whether or not a client would be willing to purchase a new product offering in this area. Internationally diversified investments are not for everybody and it needs to be known whether internationally diversified investment products are right for In the Money Investments client base. This study seeks to investigate that issue. Annotated Reference List Appendices Appendix A: Draft of proposal Appendix B: Empirical journal articles Appendix C: Survey questionnaire

ABC Inc. Case Study Analysis Essay

Executive Summary ABC Inc. hired 15 new employees with the intention of starting the orientation on June 15. Carl has only six months experience and has made several critical errors. This may have been created due to lack of qualifications, training, or overstating of qualification on Carl’s resume. Due to this, certain tasks were not addressed in a timely manner. Four problems are readily apparent; employee applications are incomplete or missing documentation, lack of training manuals, no drug screenings have been administered, and the training room intended for the orientation is book for the entire month of June. See more: Homeless satire essay Introduction Carl Robins, a newly hired campus recruiter for ABC, Inc, hired 15 new employees within his first six months on the job. These newly hired employees will be working for Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor. The new employees require an orientation on company policy, manuals to learn such policies, physicals, and drug screening. Carl is behind on preparation for the orientation and has not completed the required processing for the new employees. Some of the new hires do not have completed applications or their transcripts on file, and none of them had the required drug screening. The orientation manuals were also missing pages and Carl could only locate a total of three. Carl also discovered the training room he was going to use for the orientation is booked for the entire month of June for software training. Now he needs to find somewhere else to hold the training sessions. Once all these tasks are completed, Carl needs to reassure his colleagues that future orientation for new hires will run smoother. He can do this by being more proactive, planning, analyzing his errors, and improving on the  identified weak areas. (University of Phoenix, 2006) Background Carl had sufficient time to complete all tasks required to prepare for the orientation, but exhibited poor planning, execution, and follow-through of his duties, which would appear he is either not qualified or trained properly to do his job effectively. The goal is to have new hires trained in time to start work in July. Carl is new at the job himself, and this is his first recruitment effort. This, however, is no excuse for not being prepared for the task at hand, especially knowing the importance for the company and making a good impression on the new hires. The main concern is that there are many problems and not much time to complete them. Carl will need to evaluate, prioritize, and find solutions to each issue quickly. Carl has many obstacles to overcome, but the July deadline is still a reachable goal. Key Problems Carl’s performance, leading to his failure, began when he did not think ahead in his process for new hires and the requirements of himself and the new employees for the company. Before Carl started recruiting these individuals he did not have a plan in place for after he met his goal of recruiting 15 new people for the company. His only focus and concern was getting the new hires in the door, and the rest was an afterthought. Some of the things he should have thought about were â€Å"What happens next after the recruits are hired?† Problem 1 – He did not take in consideration all of the elements involved with the hiring and training of the new hires; like making sure all documents were up-to-date prior to hiring. A company should not hire new employees without all required documents. If a company requires a complete application and transcripts upon the interview process, and this is not provided, the applicant should not be considered for hire or given the chance to complete prior to entering the hiring process. Proposed Solution – Ensure all documentation is complete prior to hiring. This will ensure all records are up-to-date before entering the training process. Therefore, leaving time to focus on scheduling the drug screening and reserving the training room. Problem 2 – Incomplete and not enough manuals required for training the new hires. Carl did not check the inventory of manuals needed for training prior to the hiring process. Proposed Solution – Once a hiring  goal is set Carl should have checked all manuals. If there were not enough needed and incomplete manuals, more should have been ordered/made prior to or once the interviews commenced. It is better to be prepared for the unexpected than not prepared for the expected. Problem 3 – Scheduling the required physical and drug screening. If any of the 15 new hires fail their screening then the company will not have the amount needed for July, thus requiring Carl to continue his hiring efforts putting him behind schedule even more. Proposed Solution – Each new hire should have been scheduled for their individual physical and drug screening immediately. Notify the new hire of their appointment time. Once the results come back, review, and if approved, notify the individual and add to their record. If not approved, notify the individual and continue the interview efforts to find qualified individuals. If this is done properly the chances of not meeting the July deadline would be minimal. Problem 4 – Not reserving training room for new hires orientation. He was not proactive in ensuring the training room was reserved. As it turned out, the room he intended on using was already booked for the rest of the month. Proposed Solution – Knowing the deadline for new hires to enter orientation, Carl should have immediately scheduled the training room. If the training room was already booked a possible alternative would be another conference room at the facility or renting a nearby hotel conference room. To avoid this issue in the future Carl should schedule the training room once the commence date is communicated to him or he needs to request this info from his supervisor immediately. Alternatives Numerous solutions exist in correcting the challenges in the time available. The case study states the Carl is required to have all new hires working by July with a hire date of June 15. Carl must contact Monica Carrols, the operations supervisor, to get a solid deadline for the new hires. Seeing that Carl completed the hiring of 15 new employees in early April, he had ample amount of time. He had anytime in July, up to and including the last day, to have the new hires ready for work. Carl will also need to contact all new hires, inform them of their incomplete application, missing transcripts, and drug screening appointments. Alternatively, Carl could contact the HR department for application review and follow-up actions. Ensuring each applicant understands the deadlines with a built in backup due  date for unexpected problems. Carl should also make HR aware of the deadlines prior to them contacting the new hires. The three training manuals on hand were incomplete and he was also short by 12. Carl needs to make arrangements with either an in-house reproduction center or outsource this task with an extra manual for Carl as an instructors copy. Carl appears to be deficient in his working knowledge pertaining to the company policies, procedures, and formal norms, which means he must become intimately familiar with the material in the orientation manual prior to training. Further, Carl needs to coordinate for training space. This challenge is effortlessly completed by checking for available conference rooms within his company or renting convention or conference room space close to the corporate location. Additionally, corporate management need to design a system for checking and reserving training/conference rooms, web based, or paper based with a point of contact to coordinate scheduling. An additional option could be to create a permanent schedule for new employee orientation training, thus ensuring proper resources are allocated appropriately. Moreover, root cause analysis from company standpoint will need investigation and corrective measures enacted; whether the problems stem from management, employee screening of qualif ications, training, and revision of policies as well as any combination of the previous mentioned problems. Recommendations Execute proposed solution with an additional task for corporate managers and supervisors to meet and determine root-cause analysis using the company Process Improvement Program and implement proposed improvements. References University of Phoenix. (2012) Week Two supplement, Case Study for Student Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, COMM215 Essential of College Writing. University of Phoenix. (2012) Week Two supplement, Sample Short Report Case Study Format. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, COMM215 Essential of College Writing.